Accelerated socio-economic and demographic changes have led to the transformation of eating habits in sub-Saharan African cities including Dakar, Senegal. The result is the proliferation of informal fast-food establishments, such as the ‘dibiteries’ serving braised sheep meat. However, owing to poor hygiene practices, consumption of dibiterie meat poses a public health concern. It was unclear how the dibiterie meat quality and safety were perceived among customers who define their own purchasing social norms. A total of 165 meat consumers were randomly selected and interviewed, from 165 dibiteries sampled by convenience in the Dakar region using a structured questionnaire. Results showed that purchase decisions were guided by trust in the salesperson’s expertise, the taste of the product, perceived risk of meat contamination, tenderness, price, the nutritional value, the smell and the colour and freshness of the meat. The perceived quality and safety of dibiterie meat was expressed by the ‘organoleptic quality’, ‘environment and service’ and ‘price and trust of the product’s safety’ factors. The majority of consumers (61%) were ‘less concerned’ about the safety of dibiterie meat, and the acceptable price range of the product was between $5.08 and $7.62. As this food product is gaining popularity in Dakar and the majority of our participating consumers do not show high levels of concern, we suggest stricter standards.

Brucellosis is regarded as one of the highest burden zoonotic diseases to persist in many regions globally. While sustained vaccination against B. abortus in an endemic setting can markedly reduce the prevalence of large ruminant and human brucellosis and benefit local livelihoods, the implementation of effective and sustainable control programmes has often failed in the worst affected areas. In a cross‐sectional study of 728 peri‐urban dairy farmers in nine areas of six West and Central African countries, levels of commercialisation and farm characteristics were examined alongside B.abortus seroprevalence estimates to hypothesise the most appropriate model for brucellosis vaccination delivery in each country. Demographic and economic data were collated and used to describe the farming systems currently in place. Furthermore, these data were utilised in a likelihood assessment to generate a quantitative score to hypothesise which of three Private‐Public Partnership (PPP) vaccine delivery models, i.e. Transformative, Transactional or Collaborative, would be most appropriate in each setting. The study sites had substantial differences in their levels of dairy commercialisation and the farming practices employed, the heterogeneity across the study sites was evident in the conclusions of which models would be appropriate for vaccination delivery. While Lomé (Togo) had a strong indication for a Transformative PPP model, Burkina Faso had strong indication for the Collaborative PPP model. Of the remaining study sites the scores were less dominant for any one model with Cameroon and Ivory Coast sites only just scoring highest on the Transformative model and Senegal and Mali sites only just scoring highest on the Collaborative model. Interestingly none of the countries included in the study scored highest on the Transactional model which currently is the most commonplace delivery model in the majority of Sub‐Saharan countries.

Toxoplasmosis is a widely distributed zoonosis caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Infection during pregnancy is a major public health concern due to its potential impact on both maternal health and fetal development. Early detection of maternal infection is critical to prevent adverse outcomes; however, maternal signs are often subtle, non-specific or absent, complicating timely diagnosis. This scoping review aimed to map and synthesise existing evidence on early maternal signs, pregnancy and foetal outcomes, frequently assessed risk factors, and diagnostic approaches of toxoplasmosis in expectant mothers in Africa. The review was done in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A literature search of PubMed, Scopus, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar was performed to identify studies published between 2000 and 2025. Retrieved records were managed using Zotero (version 8.0.4) for deduplication and screening. Only English-language studies conducted in Africa and reporting relevant maternal or clinical data were included. A total of 28 cross-sectional studies were included. Lymphadenopathy (25.0%) was the most frequently reported maternal early sign, followed by flu-like illness, asymptomatic infection, low-grade or mild fever, and fatigue or malaise (each 10.7%). Congenital anomalies (50.0%) and miscarriage or spontaneous abortion (42.9%) were the most commonly reported foetal and pregnancy outcomes. Frequently reported risk factors were exposure to cat faeces (57.1%) and ingestion of undercooked or raw meat (42.9%). Diagnostic approaches were commonly enzyme-based immunoassays (78.6%), with limited use of RDTs and molecular methods. These findings suggest the need for improved early detection and prevention strategies in high-risk, low-resource African settings. Enhancing routine screening, health education, and access to appropriate diagnostics are considered. Future studies should consider adopting standardised reporting and integrating sensitive, affordable, rapid diagnostic approaches to enhance early detection and reduce the burden of congenital toxoplasmosis.

Toxoplasma gondii causes toxoplasmosis, a zoonosis of global importance, seriously affecting foetuses congenitally infected by their mother. Although early detection is important to prevent adverse fetal outcomes, maternal infections are frequently asymptomatic or present with mild, nonspecific signs. The present systematic review sought to synthesize evidence on early signs, risk factors, and diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women. The study was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2000 and 2025. The articles were exported to Zotero, citation management software. Duplicate articles were merged; those not published in English and lacking reference materials were excluded. After secondary screenings, 31 out of 407 articles met the inclusion criteria. Major maternal signs were lymphadenopathy (19.4%) and flu-like symptoms (19.4%), while major foetal effects were congenital anomalies (25.8%) and miscarriage (22.6%). Associated risk factors were contact with cat faeces and contaminated soil, consumption of undercooked or raw meat, raw vegetables, and contaminated water. Diagnosis was mainly by ELISA (65.5%). Therefore, routine screening awareness campaigns and timely diagnosis are recommended to safeguard maternal and fetal health in high-risk regions with limited diagnostic resources.

Original paper highlighting the role and impact can play in the control of vector-borne diseases, particularly for mosquitoes in Indonesia. In this paper, the author emphasizes the fact that One Health, in addition to animal, human, and environmental...

In terms of originality, the content is interesting. The context is quite well presented. The methods for analysing and interpreting the data are well presented and follow the logic of cohort surveys. The results are presented according to the main...