Background. To improve performance, athletes should try different methods. This is why the popularized proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) exercises are essential. Objectives. This study investigated the effects of 6-week PNF stretching exercises on futsal players' balance, circulatory parameters, and motoric adaptations. Methods. A total of 36 volunteer futsal players aged 14-17 ...

The aim of this study is to compare the visual and auditory reaction times of the athletes engaged in traditional wrestling and modern wrestling. Heavyweight athletes (n=22) who are involved in traditional wrestling such as oil wrestling, plaid aba wrestling, competitive aba wrestling, karakucak wrestling, short shalwar wrestling, and modern wrestling such as freestyle wrestling and Greco-Roman (n=24) wrestling were included in the study. Measurements were taken using the computer system (IRZ: cognitivefun.net) for visual and auditory reaction time. SPSS package program was used for statistical evaluation of the data obtained as a result of the study. As a result of the statistical evaluation, it was found that the average of visual reaction (fastest), visual reaction (slowest) and visual reaction (average) time of the wrestlers who are interested in modern wrestling compared to the wrestlers who are interested in traditional wrestling (p0.005), and the auditory reaction (slowest) and auditory reaction (average) time values were found to be significant between modern wrestlers and traditional wrestlers in favor of modern wrestlers (p

Our study was conducted to investigate the relationship between lower extremity anthropometric characteristics and some selected physical and physiological parameters of volleyball players in the university team. n: 12 (age: 20.67±2.42) volleyball players from Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University volleyball team were included in the study on a voluntary basis. To determine the lower extremity anthropometric characteristics, femoral bicondular diameter (using caliper), total leg length, lower leg length, upper leg length, calf circumference, upper leg circumference, foot length, foot width, knee circumference and ankle circumference were measured (using a non-flexible tape measure), and to determine the physical and physiological parameters, leg strength, vertical jump, standing long jump, 30-meter speed and balance measurements were made. As a result of the measurements and analyses performed, it was determined that there was a moderate positive correlation between leg strength and knee circumference, a moderate positive correlation between 30-meter sprint performance time and ankle circumference, a high positive correlation between right foot balance score and total leg length, a moderate positive correlation between lower leg length and ankle circumference, and a moderate positive correlation between left foot balance score and foot width and knee circumference (p

Background: Smoking is a major public health concern worldwide and is associated with adverse effects on pulmonary function, postural control, and overall physical performance. Aquatic exercise has gained increasing attention as a safe and effective training modality due to its unique physical properties. However, evidence regarding the effects of aquatic exercise on pulmonary function and dynamic balance in young adult smokers remains limited. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of an 8-week aquatic exercise training program on pulmonary function parameters and dynamic balance performance in young adult smokers. Methods: Twenty-two physically inactive male smokers were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 11) or a control group (n = 11). The experimental group participated in an aquatic exercise program three times per week for eight weeks, while the control group maintained their usual daily activities. Pulmonary function parameters, including FEV₁, FVC, FEV₁/FVC, PEF, PIF, MVV, VC, TV, and IVC, were assessed using spirometers. Dynamic balance performance was evaluated using a portable dynamic balance platform under single-leg (right and left) and double-leg conditions. Data were analyzed using a two-way repeated-measures ANOVA. Results: Statistically significant time × group interaction effects were observed for vital capacity (VC) (p = 0.033, η²_p = 0.378) and tidal volume (TV) (p < 0.001, η²_p = 0.734), suggesting potentially greater changes in the experimental group compared to the control group. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) demonstrated significant main effects of time (p = 0.047) and group (p = 0.031). Dynamic balance performance showed statistically significant time × group interaction effects across right-leg, left-leg, and bilateral conditions (p < 0.01), with large effect sizes (η²_p = 0.762, 0.609, and 0.507, respectively). However, given the pilot nature and limited sample size of the study, these findings should be interpreted as preliminary. No significant changes were observed in FEV₁, FVC, or FEV₁/FVC ratio. Conclusions: This pilot randomized trial suggests that an 8-week aquatic exercise program is feasible and may produce preliminary improvements in selected pulmonary function parameters and dynamic balance in young adult smokers. Larger, adequately powered trials are required to confirm these findings.

The aim of this study is to examine the visual and auditory reaction times of elite and non-elite hockey players. Between the ages of 19-29 33 elite male hockey players who selected to U21 national team of Türkiye and 37 non-elite hockey players who playing in the hockey super league and 1. league as a volunteer in the study. In the laboratory where age, height, body weight measurements and appropriate environmental and environmental conditions are provided to the groups. Firstly, the auditory reaction test was applied to the athletes, and then the visual reaction test was applied. Measurements were applied with online computerized programs (for visual reaction, www.humanbenchmark.com; for auditory reaction, www.cognitivefun.net).When statistical analysis of data is done; A significant difference was found in favor of non-elite athletes in the visual reaction test (p<0.05). In the auditory reaction test, a significant difference was found in favor of elite athletes (p<0.05). Consequently, a significant difference in favor of non-elite athletes in the visual reaction time test indicate that visual reaction time of non-elite athletes is better than elite athletes. a significant difference in favor of elite athletes in the auditory reaction time test indicate that auditory reaction time of elite athletes is better than non-elite athletes. In addition, it was concluded that the auditory reaction times of the elite and non-elite hockey players were better than the visual reaction times.

Araştırmanın amacı 7-15 yaş arası bireylerin görsel ve işitsel tepki sürelerinde anlamlı bir farklılık olup olmadığını incelemektir. Bu çalışmaya, Gaziantep ve Kahramanmaraş illerinde farklı kademelerde eğitim gören ve herhangi bir spor dalında eğitim almamış 82 kız, 80 erkek olmak üzere toplam 162 öğrenci gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Katılımcılara görsel ve işitsel reaksiyon testi hakkında bilgi verildi ve kendilerini hazır hissettikten sonra ardı ardına 10 ölçüm yapıldı. Bu ölçümlerin son beşinin aritmetik ortalamaları milisaniye cinsinden alınarak kaydedildi. Ölçümler özel yazılım programları (www.humanbenchmark.com, www.cognitivefun.net) kullanılarak yapıldı. Elde edilen veriler sonucunda aynı yaştaki kız ve erkek grupları arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunamadı (p>0,05). Ancak kız ve erkeklerde yaş ilerledikçe tepki sürelerinde anlamlı farklılık olduğu belirlendi (p>0,05). Kadın ve erkeklerin görsel ve işitsel reaksiyon sürelerini karşılaştırdığımız bu çalışmada, hem kadın hem de erkek gruplarında yaşın reaksiyon süresini doğrudan etkilediğini söylemek mümkün olacaktır. Sonuç olarak kadın ve erkeklerin aynı yaş grubunda olması durumunda tepki sürelerinde farklılık olmamasına rağmen yaş ilerledikçe kaslarda ve algılamada gelişme ve olgunlaşma sonucunda tepki sürelerinde ciddi bir gelişim olduğu söylenebilir.