Engineered ovary mimetics enable hormone autocrination and restore ovarian functions with reduction of menopause risks.

Uterine leiomyoma is found in ~50–80% of women of a reproductive age and is the most common reason for hysterectomy. Recently, posttranscriptional gene silencing by microRNAs (miRs) has been reported as a mechanism for regulating gene expression stability in the pathogenesis of uterine leiomyomas. In this study, miR microarray analysis of leiomyomas and paired myometrial tissue revealed numerous aberrantly expressed miRs, including miR-150. In functional assays, transfection with miR-150 mimic resulted in decreased migration and fibrosis, implying an inhibition of leiomyoma growth. To identify the target genes of miR-150 in leiomyoma, gene set analysis and network analysis were performed. To overcome the limitations of in silico analysis, changes in expression levels of hallmark genes in leiomyoma after transfection with a miR-150 mimic were also evaluated using qRT-PCR. As a result, the Akt/p27^Kip1 pathway was presumed to be one of the target pathways of miR-150. After transfecting cultured leiomyoma cells with the miR-150 mimic, expression levels of its target gene Akt decreased, whereas those of p27^Kip1 increased significantly. Our results suggest that miR-150 affects the cell cycle regulation in uterine leiomyoma through the Akt/p27^Kip1 pathway.

Introduction: Ambient temperature and humidity can influence male reproductive function; however, it is unclear whether pandemic-related lifestyle and environmental changes modify this climatic susceptibility.Methods: A total of 2,672 semen analysis records from 1,287 Korean men collected between 2018 and 2024 were analyzed. Data analyses were conducted on a cohort in which some participants underwent multiple semen analyses across different visits. Semen quality data were linked to regional meteorological records for temperature and humidity across two exposure windows: 0–90 days and 70–90 days prior to semen collection. To address intra-subject correlations from repeated measurements, generalized linear mixed-effects models with a Tweedie distribution and log link function were applied. Associations between lagged environmental exposures and semen parameters—including volume, sperm concentration, motility, strict morphology, and total sperm count (TSC)—were evaluated. Subgroup analyses were further performed for the before COVID-19, during COVID-19, and after COVID-19 periods.Results: Sperm concentration and TSC significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas semen volume declined over time. Sperm concentration increased after the COVID-19 period, compared to the before COVID-19 era. Elevated ambient temperature, particularly during the 70–90-day spermatogenesis-sensitive window, was significantly associated with decreased sperm concentration and TSC; however, only during the COVID-19 period. No consistent association between humidity and semen parameters was observed.Discussion: These results suggest that pandemic-related changes may have amplified biological vulnerability to climatic stressors. Overall, semen quality improved during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, our findings indicate that this period was uniquely characterized by increased climatic sensitivity of spermatogenesis. This may reflect altered environmental exposure and lifestyle behaviors, highlighting the complex interactions between public health crises, human behavior, and male reproductive health. Future studies should incorporate detailed indoor climate and occupational exposure data to elucidate these associations further.

Long-term protective effects of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) at fractures with different doses and components are controversial. We analyzed the effect of MHT on the incidence of spine and femur fractures according to MHT type, age at commencement, duration and dose of hormones in Korean women. This retrospective study evaluated propensity score-matched patients with MHT from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Among women aged ≥50 years with menopause between 2004 and 2007, spine and femur fracture incidence until 2017 was analyzed in 36,446 women who had received MHT for >1 year. Estrogen-progesterone therapy (EPT), estrogen-only therapy (ET) or tibolone therapy was conducted. EPT significantly lowered the incidence of spine and femur fractures with a conventional dose, but not with a low dose. Tibolone significantly decreased the incidence of spine fractures in women aged 50-59 years when used for >5 years, and the incidence of femur fractures in women older than 60 years when used for >3 years. ET significantly lowered the risk of femur fractures when estradiol was used for >5 years. In menopausal women, all MHT including conventional-dose EPT, ET and tibolone tended to lower the incidence of fractures. The effects, however, varied with the type of fracture and type of MHT.

We aimed to evaluate the association between daily dietary calcium intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in postmenopausal women using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). This cross-sectional study included 12,348 women aged 45–70 years who had reached natural menopause. They were classified into three groups according to daily dietary calcium intake: 800 mg. The risks of CVD, stroke, angina, and myocardial infarction were assessed in each group. Further, we performed subgroup analysis according to the post-menopause duration (≤10 vs. >10 postmenopausal years). We performed logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age, menopausal age, income, urban area, education, insulin use, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, high alcohol intake, smoking, exercise, oral contraceptive use, and hormonal therapy use. Calcium intake level was not significantly associated with the risk of CVD in the total population and the ≤10 postmenopausal years subgroup. However, in the >10 postmenopausal years subgroup, daily calcium intake >800 mg was associated with significantly decreased risks of all CVD (odds ratio [OR], 0.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.11–0.64), stroke (OR, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.01–0.42), and myocardial infarction (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.11–0.64). Our findings suggest that a dietary calcium intake of >800 mg/day decreases the risk of CVD events in women who have been menopausal for >10 years.