Background: Odontogenic cysts have the potential to transform into neoplasms. However, the characteristics of those which transformed to neoplastic tissues have not been well described and the exact causes of that phenomenon are not yet clear. Objectives: This study aims to describe characteristics of odontogenic cysts that transformed into neoplasms and to look for their potential etiologies. Data Sources: English-written studies indexed in PubMed, Science Direct, and Proquest were assessed using keywords verified by Medical Subject Headings: ‘Odontogenic Cyst’ and ‘Neoplastic Cell Transformation’. Study Eligibility Criteria: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were used as guidance. Participants: Following steps in PRISMA guidelines, 19 articles were fully reviewed (three case series and 16 case reports) with 27 subjects of 16 males (59%) and 11 females (41%) from 15 to 86 years old. Results: Cystic origins were eight dentigerous cysts, four odontogenic keratocysts, two residual cysts, one radicular cyst, one calcifying odontogenic cyst, one follicular cyst, one glandular odontogenic cyst, and nine unspecified odontogenic cysts that transformed to ameloblastoma (3 cases) and carcinoma (24 cases). Limitations: Neoplastic transformations of odontogenic cysts arose from epithelial remnants of inadequate odontogenic cyst removal and chronic inflammation due to infection. However, the exact causes of their transformations remain unclear. Conclusions: Therefore, careful removal of odontogenic cysts and regular postoperative follow-ups are key to prevent recurrence and neoplastic transformation. Future studies are needed to investigate potential causes of neoplastic transformation of odontogenic cysts.

Background. Simonart's band is a soft tissue band that connects the cleft gap of the base of the nostril or the margin of the alveolus. While research on the prevalence of Simonart's band in cleft lip and palate cases has been carried out in various countries, research on Simonart's band in Indonesia has yet to be conducted. Objectives. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of different types of Simonart's band at a cleft center in Indonesia. Material and methods. The data of cleft patients were reviewed retrospectively over a 9-year period at the Cleft Lip and Palate Center Center, Harapan Kita Women and Children Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. The patients were divided based on the type of cleft and the type of Simonart's band. The results were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics. Results. Out of 638 cleft patients from the period 2008-2016, 77 patients had Simonart's band. The lip -to-lip band was most commonly found (52 cases, 67.5%). The lip-to-alveolus band was found in 20 cases (26.0%) and the alveolus-to-alveolus band had the lowest prevalence of 5 cases (6.5%). Associations between the cleft type (unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (UCLA), and bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP)) and Simonart's band type were all significant (p = 0.001, according to Fisher's exact test), which indicates significant differences in the distribution of the bands with regard to different cleft types. There was a significant difference in the distribution of the bands between the UCLP and UCLA groups (p = 0.000). On the other hand, the distribution of the bands in the UCLP group did not differ much from that in the BCLP group (p = 0.065). Conclusions.The prevalence of Simonart's band was significantly higher in the patients with the unilat-eral complete cleft of the primary and secondary palate than in the subjects with the cleft of the primary palate. In the UCLP group, most patients had the lip-to-lip band type. In the BCLP group, the majority also had the lip-to-lip band type. In contrast, in the UCLA group, the majority showed the lip-to-alveolus band type.

Background: Ameloblastoma is a benign odontogenic tumor that predominantly occurs in the mandible and is frequently associated with the BRAFV600E mutation, which activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. These mutations indicate potential targets for molecular therapies. This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of molecular-targeted therapies, particularly BRAF inhibitors such as dabrafenib and vemurafenib, in the treatment of ameloblastoma and their effects on clinical outcomes and quality of life.Methods: In accordance with PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD42024627944), a comprehensive search of databases including PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus identified 4,620 studies, of which eight case reports met the inclusion criteria for analysis.Results: The selected case reports involved patients aged 13 to 85, most of whom had experienced prior surgical recurrences. Treatment with BRAF/MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase) inhibitors resulted in significant tumor regression and improved quality of life, although some manageable side effects were observed.Conclusion: BRAF inhibitors demonstrate promising efficacy in the management of ameloblastoma, especially in patients harboring BRAFV600E mutations. These therapies may reduce the necessity for extensive surgical procedures and enhance patient outcomes. Further research is needed to establish standardized treatment protocols and to assess long-term effects on recurrence and quality of life.

Mandibular ramus thickness is one of the most important factors that must be considered while performing bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO). Unfavourable fracture or bad split could occur while performing BSSO if the mandibular ramus is thin. To the best of our knowledge, there are only a few published reports with anthropometric data about the thickness of the mandibular ramus. The objective of this study was to measure the thickness of the mandibular ramus based on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to be used as a reference while performing BSSO. The study subjects comprised 61 data samples of CBCT-based DICOM images which reoriented in three planes, and we measured the thickness of the mandibular ramus. The mean thickness was 8.049 + 1.205 mm for males and 8.463 + 1.358 mm for females. For 18–30-, 31–40- and 41–50-year-old patients, the mean thickness of the mandibular ramus was 8.087 + 1.29 mm, 8.176 + 1.49 mm and 8.742 + 1.04 mm, respectively. Based on the CBCT images, there were no statistically significant differences between the thicknesses of the mandibular ramus in terms of sex and age.

Introduction: Orofacial cleft is one of the many congenital malformations that often occur in human, leaving it at the fourth level of the most common orofacial birth defect findings. The incident rate is one in 700-1000 deliveries, where without therapeutic and surgical interventions, children with an orofacial cleft may have problems with speech, nutrition intake, and growth. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) gene play essential roles in the migration and proliferation of neural crest cell of the early head formation and regulate mineralised tissues such as maxillary, mandible, palate and teeth. This study was aimed to analyse the BMP-2 polymorphism and its potential association with orofacial cleft in an Indonesian population. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted towards 128 samples, 32 samples of orofacial cleft patients and 96 samples of control. Extracted genotype and allele was determined with PCR-RFLP method using stored DNA samples from 32 orofacial cleft patients, and 96 healthy control. Results: The TT genotype was showing the p-value = 0.001, OR = 2.43% in orofacial samples (71.4%), which was significantly higher than in control groups (28.6%). The allele distribution was also considered statistically significant (p = 0.036, OR =1.89%. Conclusion: There is a significant association of rs235768 A>T polymorphism of the BMP-2 gene on non-syndromic orofacial cleft patients in Indonesia.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 can spread rapidly. Surgery in the oral cavity poses a high risk of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The American Dental Association and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend the use of mouthwash containing 1.5% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or 0.2% povidone iodine (PI) to reduce the viral load in the upper respiratory tract and decrease the risk of transmission. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of mouth rinsing and gargling with mouthwash containing 1% PI, 0.5% PI, 3% H2O2, or 1.5% H2O2 and water on the cycle threshold (CT) value obtained by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Methods: This study is a randomized single blind controlled clinical trial which has been registered in the International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) registry on the 3rd February 2022 (Registration number: ISRCTN18356379). In total, 69 subjects recruited from Persahabatan General Hospital who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups or the control group. The subjects were instructed to gargle with 15 mL of mouthwash for 30 s in the oral cavity followed by 30 s in the back of the throat, three times per day for 5 days. CT values were collected on postprocedural days 1, 3, and 5. Results: The results of the Friedman test significantly differed among the groups (n=15). The CT values increased from baseline (day 0) to postprocedural days 1, 3, and 5. Conclusions: Mouth rinsing and gargling with mouthwash containing 1% PI, 0.5% PI, 3% H2O2, or 1.5% H2O2 and water increased the CT value.