Fluid film bearings are well suited for high-speed industrial machineries like turbine generators and marine propulsion systems. Several numerical methods are employed to theoretically investigate the flow phenomenon and performance parameters of journal bearings, operating under various conditions. This paper reviews various Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Fluid–Structure Interaction (FSI) techniques that are adopted to solve the flow equations pertaining to fluid film bearings. This review attempts to highlight the importance of cavitation, temperature, and their effect on bearing performance using CFD and FSI techniques. A comparison of various performance parameters in the form of load-carrying capacity, oil flow rate, friction as well as deformation and stresses developed in the bearing element due to oil film pressure using CFD and FSI, are also presented. Observations from the reviewed literature are presented which aims to benefit the researchers working in the field of both CFD and FSI analysis on hydrodynamic journal bearing. Graphical Abstract This review article emphasized the significance of cavitation and temperature effects on journal bearing performance using CFD and FSI techniques.

Understanding the hemodynamics of the carotid artery is essential for assessing atherosclerotic disease progression and identifying regions vulnerable to plaque formation. Background: Disturbed flow patterns and abnormal shear stresses, particularly near the carotid bifurcation, are known to influence endothelial dysfunction; therefore, this study aims to quantify the impact of patient-specific carotid artery geometry on key hemodynamic parameters associated with atherosclerotic risk. Methods: Four patient-specific carotid artery geometries were reconstructed from medical imaging data, processed using MIMICS, and analyzed using computational fluid dynamics in ANSYS Fluent, with blood modeled as an incompressible non-Newtonian fluid using the Carreau–Yasuda viscosity model under pulsatile flow conditions; velocity streamlines, pressure distribution, time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), and oscillatory shear index (OSI) were evaluated at early systole, peak systole, and peak diastole. Results: The simulations revealed complex flow behaviour, including flow reversal, pressure build-up, and low-shear regions concentrated near the carotid bulb and bifurcation, with TAWSS consistently identifying low-shear zones (<1 Pa) across all geometries and OSI exhibiting pronounced directional oscillations in models with increased curvature and wider bifurcation angles. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that geometric characteristics such as bifurcation angle, vessel tortuosity, and asymmetry play a critical role in shaping local haemodynamics, underscoring the utility of patient-specific CFD analysis as a diagnostic and predictive tool for atherosclerotic risk assessment and supporting more informed, personalized clinical decision-making.