Purpose: The involvement of the anterior commissure (AC) is regarded to be a risk factor for poor results after transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) for early glottic cancer. The objective of this study was to determine how AC-related clinical and radiological factors affected oncological outcomes in a cohort of patients with T1 stage early glottic carcinoma involving the anterior commissure who were treated with TLM with negative surgical margins. Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on clinical, radiological, and follow-up data of patients consecutively treated with TLM at a tertiary academic center between November 2011 and August 2021 for T1 glottic squamous cell carcinoma involving the anterior commissure. Recurrence-free survival (RFS), local control with laser alone (LCL), laryngeal preservation (LP), and overall survival (OS) rates (Kaplan–Meier) were the primary outcome metrics. Results: In our series, 5-year OS probability was 75.1%, RFS was 64.8%, LCL was 73.8%, and LP was 83.4%. OS and RFS were higher in patients with early stages of AC pattern than in patients with advanced stage (p = 0.004, p = 0.034, respectively). Vertical extension ratio was found to be associated with OS and RFS (p = 0.023, p = 0.001, respectively), and thyroid cartilage interlaminar angle with LCL by multiple Cox regression analysis (p = 0.041). Conclusion: TLM remains a valuable treatment option for AC involvement. AC3 type involvement and elevated vertical extension ratio were associated with negative prognosis. There have been signs that thyroid cartilage with a narrow angle increases recurrence. Alternative modalities should be kept in mind in the treatment decision of these cases.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome on overactive bladder symptoms. METHODS: All patients who applied to the outpatient clinic with complaints of snoring and apnea were evaluated by polysomnography between years 2017 and 2019. obstructive sleep apnea syndrome severity was evaluated according to the apnea-hypopnea-index. All patients were filled with questionnaire form as overactive bladder symptoms score, international quality of life, international consultation on incontinence questionnaire short-form, and 3-day bladder diary before polysomnography and three months after continuous positive airway pressure therapy and surgical treatment. RESULTS: A total of 125 patients, 34 (27.2%) patients with mild obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, 27 (21.6%) patients with moderate obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and 64 (51.2) patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome were included in the study. The prevalence of overactive bladder symptoms in three obstructive sleep apnea syndrome groups were 67.6, 53.8, and 48.4%, respectively, and there was no statistical difference between the groups (p=0.190). obstructive sleep apnea syndrome treatment such as surgical treatment or continuous positive airway pressure therapy was applied to 45.5% (31 patients) patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and overactive bladder. Three months after treatment, the overactive bladder symptoms score significantly decreased from 16.1 +/- 7.9-12.80 +/- 9.82, international quality of life was significantly increased from 105.0 +/- 23.2-110.4 +/- 22.2, and incontinence questionnaire short-form decreased from 11.9 +/- 4.0-10.4 +/- 5.6 (p=0.009, p=0.023, and p=0.248, respectively). There was a significant decrease between before and after treatment in terms of mean day-time frequency and mean urgency episodes of patients (p=0.007, p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Both surgery and continuous positive airway pressure treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome improved overactive bladder symptoms, overactive bladder symptoms score, international quality of life, day-time frequency, and urgency episodes.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the long-term functional hearing outcomes of ossicular chain reconstruction using glass ionomer cement (GIC) by comparing preoperative, early postoperative, and late postoperative audiological results. This study presents one of the limited series in the literature reporting very long-term (up to 12 years) audiological outcomes of ossiculoplasty using GIC. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 45 patients who underwent ossicular chain reconstruction using GIC between 2012 and 2024. Audiological outcomes, including air conduction (AC), bone conduction (BC), pure tone average, and air–bone gap (ABG), were evaluated preoperatively, early postoperatively (3-12 months), and late postoperatively. Patients were grouped according to follow-up duration as 1-5 years (n=19), 5-10 years (n=12), and ≥10 years (n=14). Changes in audiological parameters were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: A total of 45 patients were included. Significant improvement in AC thresholds and ABG values was observed in the early postoperative period compared to preoperative values (P < .05). In the 1- to 10-year follow-up group, early postoperative ABG results were largely preserved at late follow-up. However, in patients with ≥10 years of follow-up, a statistically significant deterioration in ABG was observed over time. CONCLUSION: Ossicular reconstruction using GIC provides significant early hearing improvement, and these gains are largely maintained in medium-term (1-5 years) and long-term (5-10 years) follow-up. Limited impairment is observed only in very long-term follow-up (≥10 years). Glass ionomer cement remains a highly viable option for limited ossicular defects, offering functional stability for at least 10 years.

Purpose: This study assessed the influence of external carotid artery (ECA) versus combined ECA and internal carotid artery (ICA) supply on surgical outcomes of Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA). Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study included patients with juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma who underwent preoperative transarterial embolization followed by endoscopic resection between 2007 and 2025. Patients were stratified by vascular supply (ECA-only vs. ECA+ICA) and Andrews–Fisch stage. Demographic data, intraoperative blood loss, and residual tumor status were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The mean age was 17.7 years (range 9–62). Age and ECA branching patterns did not differ significantly between groups. All stage I–II tumors were supplied exclusively by the ECA, whereas stage III–IV tumors showed both ECA-only and ECA+ICA supply. Mean intraoperative blood loss did not differ significantly between vascular groups but was markedly higher in stage III–IV disease than in compared with stage I–II. Residual tumor occurred only in patients with ECA+ICA supply. Conclusion: ICA contribution is strongly associated with advanced-stage JNA and increased risk of residual tumor, although it does not significantly elevate intraoperative blood loss. These findings highlight tumor stage as the main predictor of bleeding and completeness of resection.