Background: Adverse event reporting is a critical component of patient safety systems; however, nurses’ engagement in reporting is influenced not only by reporting procedures but also by broader organizational characteristics of the nursing practice environment. Understanding how these organizational factors shape nurses’ perceptions of reporting systems remains insufficiently explored, particularly in post-Soviet healthcare contexts. Objective: This study aimed to examine how characteristics of the nursing professional practice environment are associated with nurses’ perceptions of the benefits of adverse event reporting in healthcare institutions in Kazakhstan. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 468 nurses working in healthcare organizations across six major cities in Kazakhstan. The professional practice environment was assessed using the Revised Professional Practice Environment (RPPE) scale, while attitudes toward adverse event reporting were measured using the Reporting of Clinical Adverse Events Scale (ROCAES), specifically the “perceived benefits of reporting” dimension. Exploratory factor analysis, Spearman correlation analysis, and binary logistic regression were applied. Results: Exploratory factor analysis identified three key dimensions of the professional practice environment: professional motivation and teamwork, interprofessional conflict and communication, and staffing adequacy. Correlation analysis showed that several dimensions of the practice environment were negatively associated with perceived benefits of reporting. However, multivariable regression analysis revealed that cultural sensitivity, internal work motivation, and control over practice were positive predictors of perceived reporting benefits. This contrast between negative bivariate correlations and positive multivariable predictors highlights the complex organizational dynamics underlying nurses’ reporting attitudes. Conclusions: The findings indicate that nurses’ perceptions of adverse event reporting are embedded within a broader organizational ecology of nursing practice. Strengthening supportive professional environments—particularly those promoting motivation, autonomy, and culturally responsive care—may enhance nurses’ engagement in patient safety activities and improve the effectiveness of reporting systems.

Background: Adverse event reporting is a critical component of patient safety systems; however, nurses’ engagement in reporting is influenced not only by reporting procedures but also by broader organizational characteristics of the nursing practice environment. Although previous studies have examined reporting behaviors in various healthcare settings, limited evidence is available regarding how organizational factors influence nurses’ perceptions of adverse event reporting in post-Soviet primary healthcare systems. Objective: To examine the relationship between the nursing practice environment and nurses’ perceived benefits of adverse event reporting in primary healthcare settings in Kazakhstan and to explore the underlying factor structure of the nursing practice environment within this context. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 468 primary healthcare nurses from six major cities in Kazakhstan. Participants were recruited through professional and educational networks using a targeted convenience sampling strategy. The nursing practice environment was assessed using the Revised Professional Practice Environment (RPPE) scale, while attitudes toward adverse event reporting were measured using the Reporting of Clinical Adverse Events Scale (RoCAES), focusing on the perceived benefits of reporting dimension. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to identify the underlying structure of the RPPE scale. Associations between EFA-derived factors and perceived benefits of adverse event reporting were examined using Spearman correlation analysis and multivariable logistic regression with adjustment for age, gender, city, and professional position. Results: Exploratory factor analysis identified three dimensions of the nursing practice environment: Professional Motivation and Teamwork, Interprofessional Conflict and Workplace Relationships, and Staffing Adequacy. Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated significant associations between all three factors and perceived benefits of adverse event reporting. Factor 1 (Professional Motivation and Teamwork) showed the strongest negative correlation with the outcome (r = −0.562, p < 0.001), followed by Factor 3 (Staffing Adequacy) (r = −0.434, p < 0.001), whereas Factor 2 (Interprofessional Conflict and Workplace Relationships) demonstrated a positive correlation (r = 0.227, p < 0.001). In the multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for age, gender, city, and professional position, Factor 1 was negatively associated with favorable perceptions of adverse event reporting (OR = 0.389, p < 0.001), whereas Factor 2 demonstrated a positive association (OR = 1.763, p = 0.002). Factor 3 and demographic variables were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The findings suggest that nurses’ perceptions of the benefits of adverse event reporting are influenced by multiple dimensions of the nursing practice environment. Exploratory factor analysis identified three organizational dimensions—Professional Motivation and Teamwork, Interprofessional Conflict and Workplace Relationships, and Staffing Adequacy—that were associated with reporting perceptions. After adjustment for demographic characteristics, Professional Motivation and Teamwork and Interprofessional Conflict and Workplace Relationships remained independently associated with perceived benefits of adverse event reporting, whereas demographic factors did not demonstrate significant associations. These findings highlight the importance of organizational conditions, communication processes, and professional engagement in shaping nurses’ attitudes toward adverse event reporting. Efforts to strengthen patient safety reporting systems should therefore extend beyond reporting procedures alone and include broader organizational strategies aimed at improving communication, teamwork, and supportive work environments within primary healthcare settings.