Hepatocrinology is an emerging interdisciplinary field that examines the bidirectional interactions between the liver and the endocrine system, emphasizing how hepatic dysfunction influences hormonal regulation and how endocrine disorders, in turn, shape liver metabolism, inflammation, and disease progression. This review summarizes current theoretical frameworks, including hepato-endocrine axes, hepatokine signaling, and multi-organ communication models, highlighting the liver’s role as a central endocrine hub. Key hepatic hormones, transport proteins, and hepatokines such as fetuin-A, fibroblast growth factor 21, and selenoprotein P are discussed in relation to metabolic disorders including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, polycystic ovary syndrome, diabetes, and advanced chronic liver disease. The review further explores hormonal axes involving the thyroid, pancreas, adrenal glands, parathyroids, and gonads, illustrating their complex interplay with hepatic physiology. Current challenges, such as limited long-term studies and therapeutic controversies, are examined alongside emerging directions involving hepatokine-targeted therapies, precision medicine, and microbiome-driven modulation. Understanding these interconnected pathways is essential for improving diagnostic accuracy, risk stratification, and therapeutic strategies in hepato-endocrine disorders.

Background and Objectives: Exercise is central to axSpA management, but whether live remote delivery preserves effects of the same face-to-face program is uncertain. Methods: Five databases were searched until 9 September 2026; registry, reference, and citation searches ended on 11 September 2026. Reports from one trial were linked; contextual studies were illustrative. Results: Of 214 database records, 123 unique records were screened, and 11 reports representing eight studies were selected from the five databases. A ClinicalTrials.gov record and doctoral thesis linked to the Karaca trial were obtained separately and were not counted among those 11 database-selected reports. One assessor-blinded RCT compared the same individualized clinical Pilates program by videoconference or in clinic. Fifty participants were randomized, 46 assessed at eight weeks, and 40 at six months. Median BASFI improvement was 3.0 versus 2.5 points at eight weeks (p = 0.587) and 2.0 versus 2.0 points at six months (p = 0.838). Mann–Whitney U tests used α = 0.017; between-group effect estimates and 95% confidence intervals were unavailable. All-randomized attendance was 93.8% versus 94.0%. Five participants reported transient symptoms; three serious events were judged unrelated, and no intervention-related serious adverse event was reported. Conclusions: Remote delivery was implementable with high short-term attendance among digitally eligible participants. This trial does not establish equivalence, non-inferiority, preserved effect, broad accessibility, or a safety profile. Adequately powered non-inferiority trials are needed.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are an effective immunotherapeutic approach for cancers affecting the lung, skin, kidney, mammary gland, or certain hematologic malignancies. Regarding the prognosis of these oncological conditions, treatments with ICIs open new therapeutic perspectives with benefits for both patients and healthcare providers. A drawback of immune checkpoint inhibition is the occurrence of immune-related adverse events that can involve a wide range of organs, such as the liver. Given widespread usage of immunotherapy, the number of patients who suffer from this unwanted condition has increased. Hepatopathy induced by ICIs can be severe and can even lead to death. Detecting liver toxicity in ICIs regiments requires a close monitorization of patients during and after the treatment. Such hepatopathies often involve discontinuation of immune checkpoint inhibitors and administration of corticosteroids. In conclusion, hepatopathies induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors require a comprehensive understanding for effective management, both to protect the patient's life during therapy and to ensure longer survival after cessation of treatment.