In atherosclerosis, the proliferation and migration of endothelial and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and platelet activation alter endothelial function. Naturally occurring substances, such as caffeic acid (CA) and Trametes versicolor extract (TvE), have medicinal properties and are traditionally used for their antiproliferative, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Electrospun 5% and 8% polycaprolactone-loaded CA or TvE was developed as a delivery system. Cytocompatibility was evaluated using human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs), coronary artery SMCs (CASMCs), and platelets. Three types of systems (µF-CA, µF-TvE, and µF-CA/TvE) were developed and microscopically characterized. Analysis with scanning electron microscopy showed multidirectional fibers with diameters of 2–4.5 μm. The µF systems were hydrophobic and low cellular adhesion. The viability of CASMCs decreased with microfibers of 8% PCL and high CA concentration. However, the viability of CASMCs and HCAECs improved with 5% PCL and low CA concentration. Treatment with µF-TvE and µF-CA/TvE increased cell viability. HCAEC proliferation was affected by µF-CA, but incorporating TvE improved it. Platelet viability was unaffected by any µF system, but µF-CA and µF-CA/TvE inhibited the activation and adhesion of platelets. The results suggest that microfibers loaded with CA and TvE play a dual role in modifying HCAEC proliferation and blocking human platelet activation and adhesion. These findings have the potential to mitigate the atherosclerotic process.

Electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) membranes incorporating Triticum vulgare extract (TVE) were developed as biomimetic scaffolds for periodontal regeneration. Using a ternary solvent system, two experimental formulations (µF-P10 and µF-P10T1) were fabricated and compared against a commercial dermal matrix. SEM analysis revealed bimodal fiber distributions (0.77–1.74 µm) and a surface porosity of 29.86% for TVE-loaded membranes, significantly higher than that of the commercial control (25.26%). FT-IR confirmed that the PCL chemical integrity was preserved, while mechanical testing showed that extract incorporation reinforced the matrix, increasing the Young’s modulus from 2.90 × 10³ Pa to 3.54 × 10³ Pa. UHPLC–MS identified ferulic acid as the primary bioactive component (90%), with release kinetics following a first-order model (R² = 0.998) over 48 h. Biological assays with human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) confirmed non-cytotoxicity (>70% viability). While both membranes supported healing, the µF-P10 formulation showed superior performance, with 80.2% proliferation and 60.6% wound closure, approaching control levels. These findings demonstrate that PCL-TVE electrospun scaffolds effectively combine favorable morphology and controlled release, offering a promising alternative for subepithelial connective tissue regeneration.

In this work, prototypes of monolayer polycaprolactone film loaded with caffeic acid, monolayer polyvinyl alcohol films loaded with Colorius versicolor extract, or bilayer polycaprolactone/polyvinyl alcohol films loaded with both components were developed using the gel casting method, and their biocompatibility was evaluated in human endothelial, smooth muscle, and platelet cells in order to know their potential anti-proliferative and anti-aggregative in vitro. Physical characterization showed that films loaded with CA and CvE have a polycrystalline-like topography, distinct from that of films without CA and CvE. Delivery was detected over 8 h and exhibited rapid and slow release of CvE and CA, respectively. Prototypes of monolayer or bilayer films do not affect the viability of HCAEC, CASMC cultures, and platelets, as evidenced by resazurin and lactate dehydrogenase assays and live/dead fluorescence. The proliferation of CASMC culture was affected by monolayer CA film and bilayer loaded with CA and CvE but not in HCAEC culture. PAC-1, CD-40, PECAM-1, and P-selectin expression were decreased in platelets treated with FB CA or FB CA/CvE, as evaluated by flow cytometry. These results demonstrate that bilayer films loaded with CA and CvE have the potential to block human CASMC proliferation and suppress platelet activation and adhesion. Bilayer PCL/PVA films loaded with CA and CvE could be useful for coating delivery-elution stents to mitigate intra-stent restenosis in subjects with atherosclerosis.