Background: In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 650 million adults worldwide are obese, and 2.8 billion individuals struggle with overweight. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, adverse effects on mental health, the development of certain cancers, and other conditions. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the role of melatonin, which has therapeutic potential in the treatment of obesity. Studies suggest that melatonin supplementation may lead to weight reduction and improvement in metabolic parameters, significantly reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors, and enhance insulin sensitivity in obese individuals. Aim of study: This review aims to present the latest scientific findings on the impact of melatonin supplementation on the development of obesity and its complications. We focus primarily on the mechanisms of melatonin's action in the context of obesity, particularly on potential pathways that have not yet been thoroughly explored. Our aim is to provide deeper insights into research on obesity and its prevention. Materials and Methods: Search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases, utilizing the keywords "obesity," "melatonin," and "weight loss" in various configurations. The review primarily considers studies published after 2016 that are available online. Summary Melatonin supplementation leads to a statistically significant reduction in blood glucose levels and an increase in cellular insulin sensitivity. Its promising properties in the treatment of obesity have been demonstrated through the reduction of oxidative stress, indicating a potential adjunct for weight loss. Based on the cited studies, the beneficial effects of melatonin supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors have been confirmed. Melatonin could be considered as an adjunctive therapy for obese individuals who do not respond to other treatment modalities.

This article compares diabetes diagnostics and treatment reimbursement in Poland between 2019 and 2024, highlighting the changes that occurred over these years. The review is based on an analysis of literature covering diabetes classification, diagnosis, complications, and current guidelines. Scientific articles, reviews, and relevant legislation were analyzed. Diagnostic guidelines highlight the use of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and recommend genetic testing for neonatal diabetes. Reimbursements for diabetes treatment, particularly for modern devices and insulin pen needles, have improved. The 2024 guidelines highlight the importance of mental health, recommending regular psychological assessments. Guidelines have become more comprehensive, and reimbursement policies are more extensive, making access to essential therapies easier for patients. These changes aim at improving treatment outcomes and enhancing the quality of life.

Background: Iatrogenic spiral dissection of the coronary artery is a rare but serious complication of Coronary angiography (CA). CA is a standard imaging method, which is considered as a safe and commonly used.Aim of the study: To demonstrate a rare complication of CA that significantly changed the patient’s outcome.Material and methods: A retrospective review of the procedure and the patient’s follow-up has been performed.Case report: A 56-year-old woman with type two atrial septal defect complicated by heart failure (HF), complaining of a gradual HF worsening and two episodes of syncope was admitted for preoperative assessment. Prior to cardiac surgery an elective CA revealed no stenoses in coronary arteries, however it was complicated by the spiral dissection of the left main coronary artery continuing towards the left anterior descending artery. Immediate percutaneous coronary angioplasty was performed with a good acute angiographic and clinical result. Subsequently, the patient developed a periprocedural inferolateral myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest due to pulseless electrical activity. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was ineffective.Conclusion: The take home message of the case presented is that even a relatively safe procedure may be complicated and that less invasive imaging modalities should be considered prior to CA.

Introduction and objective: Legionella pneumophila (L.pneumophila) is a Gram-negative aerobic bacteria with rod-shaped cells. It occurs in humid environments, in moist soil and compost material. L.pneumophila in humans can cause a respiratory disease called Legionnaires’ disease and Pontiac...

Introduction: Sebaceous carcinoma is a rare, usually slow-growing, malignant epithelial tumor of the skin. Mostly located on the face and neck, especially on the upper eyelid. It accounts for less than 1% of all skin malignancies. Extraocular sebaceous carcinoma is a very rare variant of this...

The first clinical case of atypical fibroxanthoma was documented in 1958, and to date, approximately 3,000 patients have been described in the literature with this diagnosis. Furthermore, the recurrence rate or potential for metastasis in atypical fibroxanthoma is estimated to be as low as 2%. It is noteworthy that fibroxanthoma most commonly arises in the head and neck region. Therefore, the clinical case presented here of a patient diagnosed with atypical fibroxanthoma on the left earlobe margin, with suspected disease recurrence after approximately one year, is extremely rare, so we believed it is noticeable to report.