Bu çalışma, aktif kanser tedavisi gören hastalara uygulanan beslenme ve egzersiz programlarının etkisini araştıran güncel çalışmaların incelenerek, kanıta dayalı görüşlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla planlanmıştır. Pubmed veri tabanına ‘nutrition and excersises in cancer treatmant’ yazılarak son 5 yıl içinde İngilizce randomize kontrollü çalışmalar taranmıştır. Prostat kanserli hastaları inceleyen çalışmalarda, androjen yoksunluğu tedavisi (ADT) gören bireyler incelenmiştir. ADT tedavisi gören prostat kanserli hastalara, aerobik egzersiz müdahalesi, karbonhidrattan kısıtlı beslenme programı ve protein-kalsiyumdan zengin beslenme uygulamalarının etkinliği araştırılmıştır. Aerobik egzersiz müdahalesi ve karbonhidrattan kısıtlı beslenme programının olumlu etkisi, bu grup hastalarda görülebilmektedir. Meme kanseri tedavisi gören hastalarda karbonhidrat, protein ve yağ bakımından dengeli bir beslenme ve karma egzersiz programı uygulandığında, yorgunluk ve yaşam kalitesi düzeyinde değişimler olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yumurtalık kanseri hastalarında yapılan çalışmalarda; kuvvetlendirme ve denge egzersizlerine ek olarak uygulanan protein bazlı beslenme müdahalesinden sonra fiziksel işlevde, yaşam kalitesi, yorgunluk düzeyinde anlamlı iyileşmeler olabileceği gözlenmiştir. Literatürde gastrointestinal sistem kanserli hastalarda egzersiz ve beslenme müdahalelerinin etkilerini inceleyen çalışmaların sayısı oldukça azdır. Gastrointestinal sistem kanserli hastalarda; egzersiz programı ve proteinden zengin beslenme programı, mide bulantısı dışındaki parametrelerde etkili olabilir ancak literatürde daha fazla çalışmayla desteklenmelidir. İleri düzey kanser hastalarında proteinden zengin beslenme ve egzersiz programları incelendiğinde, tedavi programının yaşam kalitesi ve yorgunluk düzeyini olumlu yönde etkileyebileceği ancak; uzun vadedeki etkilerinin tartışmalı olduğu bulunmuştur. Aktif kanser tedavisi gören hastalara uygulanan beslenme ve egzersiz programlarının etkinliği kanserin türüne bağlı olarak değişmekte olup; birbirlerine üstünlükleri görülmemiştir, ancak herhangi bir yan etki oluşmadan uygulanabilecekleri düşünülmektedir. Uygulanan müdahalelerde yan etkiler görülmemesine rağmen; kanserin tipi ve hastaların klinik seyrinin göz ardı edilmemesi gerekir. Beslenme ve egzersiz programlarının aktif kanser tedavisi gören hastalar üzerindeki etkisinin, kanıtlanabilirlik açısından daha fazla çalışmayla desteklenmesi gerekmektedir.

The temporomandibular joint is a complex joint that plays a role in a number of daily life activities, including chewing, speaking and swallowing. The anatomy and biomechanics of the temporomandibular joint are of significant importance, given its multidimensional nature and the multitude of functions it performs within the body. This study, conducted within the scope of a narrative review, aimed to examine the literature on temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Studies and books published in English or Turkish since 2000 were reviewed and included in the analysis. The literature search was performed using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. A consequence of the various issues affecting this joint is the onset of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Temporomandibular joint dysfunction is a prevalent condition within the general population, typically presenting with symptoms such as pain, restricted joint movement and jaw locking. Such conditions can have a markedly adverse impact on quality of life, with detrimental effects on fundamental functions such as respiration, nutrition, speech and the act of swallowing. It is therefore important to provide an appropriate treatment programme for individuals with temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Treatment methods include conservative treatment and surgical methods. Within the scope of conservative treatment, physiotherapy and rehabilitation applications include therapeutic exercise, manual therapy, posture training, electrotherapy methods. The aim of this review is to provide detailed information based on the literature about the anatomy, biomechanics, diagnosis and physiotherapy and rehabilitation applications, which are one of the conservative treatment methods in temporomandibular joint dysfunction.

Background: Diabetes-related foot complications are among the most common complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The prevention of foot problems that are at risk of developing because of type 2 diabetes mellitus should be addressed within the framework of preventive approaches prior to treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate protective sensation in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have not been diagnosed with early diabetes-related foot complications and to investigate the effects of protective sensation on peripheral muscle strength, balance, and functional capacity. Methods: This study included 42 volunteer patients (56.71 ± 7.59 years) who were followed up with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and met the inclusion criteria. Individuals were evaluated prospectively and via face-to-face interviews. Light-touch, vibration, and discrimination sense was evaluated to determine protective sensation. Peripheral muscle strength (quadriceps femoris, biceps brachii, and hand grip) was measured and a 6 min walking test for functional capacity and balance evaluation were performed. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted using SPSS Statistics 21.0 for data analysis. Results: At least one of the components of protective sensation was moderately correlated with peripheral muscle strength, functional capacity, and balance scores. Reduced protective sensation was also observed in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus without neuropathy. Conclusions: In type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, decreases in light-touch, vibration, and discrimination sense are moderately associated with parameters of peripheral muscle strength, functional capacity, and balance. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, early foot sole sensory examination may prevent the development of neuropathy and support clinicians in early diagnosis.

Background: The study aimed at examining the effects of body composition on respiratory function, muscle endurance, functional capacity, and sleep quality in healthy young adults. Material and methods: The study involved 59 participants, with body composition measured using Tanita DC-360, respiratory function and muscle endurance assessed via a digital spirometer, functional capacity evaluated through the 6-minute walk test, and sleep quality assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results: A moderate correlation was found between the body mass index with forced vital capacity (r=0.395; p=0.002). A moderate relationship was also observed between respiratory muscle endurance and muscle mass (r=0.310; p=0.017), lean body mass (r=0.308; p=0.018), and total body water (r=0.285; p=0.045). Positive moderate correlations were found between forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, between respiratory muscle endurance and muscle mass, lean body mass. There was a moderate relationship between body composition and functional capacity. Conclusions: Respiratory muscle endurance is linked to lean body mass, muscle mass, and total body water, while other respiratory functions relate to lean body mass and muscle mass. Increased fat mass and decreased muscle mass can negatively impact functional capacity. As muscle mass increases with exercise, our findings may guide future research on respiratory muscle endurance and exercise.