Design and Implementation Content Validity Study: Development of an instrument for measuring Patient-Centered Communication

Aims: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the factors influencing nurse-patient communication in cancer care in Iran. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted with a qualitative conventional content analysis approach in oncology wards of hospitals in Tabriz. Data was collected through purposive sampling by semi-structured deep interviews with nine patients, three family members and five nurses and analyzed simultaneously. Robustness of data analysis was evaluated by the participants and external control. Results: The main theme of the research emerged as "three-factor effects" that demonstrates all the factors related to the patient, nurse, and the organization and includes three categories of "Patient as the center of communication", "Nurse as a human factor", and "Organizational structures". The first category consists of two sub-categories of "Imposed changes by the disease" and "the patient's particular characteristics". The second category includes sub-categories of "sense of vulnerability" and "perception of professional self: Pre-requisite of patient-centered communication". The third category consists of the sub-categories of "workload and time imbalance", "lack of supervision", and "impose duties in context of neglecting nurse and patient needs". Characteristics of the patients, nurses, and care environment seemed to be the influential factors on the communication. Conclusions: In order to communicate with cancer patients effectively, changes in philosophy and culture of the care environment are essential. Nurses must receive proper trainings which meet their needs and which focus on holistic and patient-centered approach.

Relationship between autonomy and moral distress in emergency nurses

Aim: Nursing competencies are crucial indicators for providing quality and safe care. The lack of international agreement in this field has caused problems in the generalization and application of findings. The purpose of this review is to identify the core competencies necessary for undergraduate nursing students to enter nursing work.Data Sources: We conducted a structured search using Scopus, MEDLINE (PubMed), Science Direct, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.Review Methods: We conducted a scoping review using the methodology recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute, supported by the PAGER framework, and guided by the PRISMA‐ScR Checklist. Inclusion criteria included full‐text articles in English, quantitative and qualitative research related to competencies for undergraduate students or newly graduated nurses, competency assessment, and tool development from 1970 to 2022. We excluded articles related to specific nursing roles, specific contexts, Master's and Ph.D. curricula, hospital work environment competencies, and editorial.Results: Out of 15,875 articles, we selected 43 studies, and data analysis with summative content analysis identified five themes named individualized care, professional nursing process, nursing administration, readiness, and professional development.Conclusion: Considering the dynamics of competencies and their change with time, experience, and setting, it is necessary to update, localize, and levelling of the proposed competencies based on the culture of each country.Impact: These competencies provide a guide for undergraduate nursing curriculum development and offer a framework for both clinical instruction and the evaluation of nursing students.

Aim: This study sought to investigate the beliefs, fear and awareness about breast cancer and mammography screening practices of women in Iran.Methods: This descriptive‐correlational study was conducted at Tabriz, East Azerbaijan Province, northwest of Iran from February–July 2017. One hundred and fifty‐two women aged 40 years and older, who were referred to 12 health centres for health services were selected via clustering sampling. Associations between variables and mammography screening practices were examined using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Participants who had a mammogram within the last 24 months were compared with those who had none. Sociodemographic questionnaire, Champion's Breast Cancer Fear Scale, Champion's Health Belief Model Scale for Mammography Screening, Breast Cancer Awareness Scale and Powe Fatalism Inventory were the tools used for data gathering.Results: Just 38.2% of women reported having a mammogram within the last 24 months. Self‐efficacy (OR = 5.36, B = 1.68, p < .001), susceptibility (OR = 2.83, B = 1.04, p < .001), motivation (OR = 2.11, B = 0.75, p = .024) and lower perceived barriers (OR = 0.25, B = −1.37, p < .001) were associated with being screened. Neither fatalistic belief nor awareness towards breast cancer was significant.