The lack of effective chemotherapy agents and the development of multi-drug resistance in advanced cancers are major encountered issues during treatment phase. The resistance of cancer cells against chemotherapeutic agents may occur as a result of different mechanisms. The identification of molecular pathways involved in drug resistance will yield the occurrence of alternative therapeutic strategies. Sirtuin 2 is one of the NAD-dependent deacetylases. It is involved in carcinogenesis to fulfill oncogenic and tumor-suppressing functions. Therefore, Sirtuin 2 modulation becomes a promising approach in cancer treatments. A better understanding of Sirtuin 2 related pathways is required to provide guidance to alternative cancer treatments. There are several studies about the effects of Sirtuin 2 on various types of cancers in recent years. Within the scope of this review, it is aimed to present the molecular pathways of Sirtuin 2 and its association with chemotherapeutic resistance.

Colorectal cancer poses a significant global health challenge, with a considerable proportion arising from colon adenomas. Understanding the molecules involved in the carcinogenesis process is crucial for improving colon cancer diagnosis and prognosis. While research on the role of epiplakin in cancer remains limited compared to other plakin group proteins, comprehending its expression patterns and correlations can offer valuable insights into colon carcinogenesis. In this study, we analyzed 60 tissue samples, including colon adenocarcinomas, tubular adenomas (low malignancy risk group), tubulovillous adenomas (high malignancy risk group), and adjacent normal colon tissues. Classification and grading were reevaluated by histological examination. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess epiplakin and Ki67 expression. Epiplakin optical density and the Ki67 proliferation index were calculated using ImageJ. Statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate correlations and significance. Epiplakin expression was significantly decreased in colon adenocarcinomas [optical density median 4.04 (95% CI, 3.98 to 4.24)] and tubulovillous adenomas [4.32 (95% CI, 4.08 to 4.32)] compared to normal colon tissues [4.61 (95% CI, 4.50 to 4.67)] and tubular adenomas [4.87 (95% CI, 4.67 to 4.88)] (P < 0.05). Moreover, adenoma groups exhibited higher proliferation indices (P < 0.05), and a positive correlation was found between epiplakin expression and the Ki67 proliferation index (r = 0.317, P < 0.05). Our study highlights the potential significance of epiplakin in colorectal cancer. Decreased epiplakin expression is associated with colon malignancy progression, suggesting its role as a potential marker.

Background: Pigmented superficial skin lesions pose a persistent diagnostic challenge due to overlapping clinical and dermoscopic appearances between benign and malignant entities. While histopathology remains the gold standard, there is growing interest in non-invasive imaging models that can preoperatively stratify malignancy risk. This methodological pilot study was designed to explore the feasibility and initial diagnostic performance of a novel radiology-adapted logistic regression approach. To develop and preliminarily evaluate a new logistic model integrating both structural (lesion size, depth) and vascular (Doppler patterns) ultrasonographic features for non-invasive risk stratification of pigmented superficial skin lesions. Material and Methods: In this prospective single-center pilot investigation, 44 patients underwent standardized high-frequency grayscale and Doppler ultrasound prior to excisional biopsy. Lesion size, depth, and vascularity patterns were systematically recorded. Three logistic regression models were constructed: (1) based on lesion size and depth, (2) based on vascularity patterns alone, and (3) combining all parameters. Model performance was assessed via ROC curve analysis. Intra-observer reliability was determined by repeated measurements on a random subset. Results: The lesion size and depth model yielded an AUC of 0.79, underscoring the role of structural features. The vascularity-only model showed an AUC of 0.76. The combined model demonstrated superior discriminative ability, with an AUC of approximately 0.85. Intra-observer analysis confirmed excellent repeatability (κ > 0.80; ICC > 0.85). Conclusions: This pilot study introduces a novel logistic framework that combines grayscale and Doppler ultrasound parameters to enhance non-invasive malignancy risk assessment in pigmented superficial skin lesions. These encouraging initial results warrant larger multicenter studies to validate and refine this promising approach.

Background: Imaging-based logistic models are widely used for non-invasive risk stratification; however, their structural robustness and transportability across heterogeneous biological contexts remain insufficiently examined. Purpose: This study aimed to develop a simulation-based stress-testing framework to evaluate the structural robustness and transportability of a radiology-adapted logistic risk model across distinct cutaneous lesion phenotypes under both aligned and structurally perturbed conditions. Methods: A simulation-based methodological framework was implemented using three synthetic cohorts representing nodular, subcutaneous, and vascular lesion phenotypes (n = 2000 per cohort). Model performance was evaluated under naïve transfer, recalibration, and revision conditions. To address potential structural alignment bias, additional simulation scenarios incorporating coefficient perturbations, nonlinear transformations, and interaction effects were used to generate outcome processes partially independent from the original model structure. Model performance was assessed using discrimination (ROC-AUC, PR-AUC), calibration metrics, decision curve analysis, and Monte Carlo-based stability assessments. Results: Under naïve transfer, discrimination remained stable across phenotypes (ROC-AUC ≈ 0.78–0.84). Calibration shifts were observed but were effectively corrected through recalibration. Under structurally perturbed outcome generation, discrimination showed only modest reduction, while overall performance patterns remained consistent. Structural variables demonstrated high transferability, whereas vascular features exhibited phenotype-dependent variability. Decision curve analysis indicated consistent clinical utility across relevant thresholds. Conclusions: The radiology-adapted logistic model demonstrated structural robustness across heterogeneous phenotype conditions, with performance variations driven primarily by calibration differences rather than structural failure. Importantly, robustness was preserved under conditions of structural perturbation, supporting the model’s stability beyond idealized alignment assumptions. These findings suggest that simulation-based stress-testing frameworks provide a rigorous methodological approach for evaluating model transportability prior to large-scale clinical validation.

Purpose: The relationship between vitamin D and non-melanoma skin cancers remains controversial. Elevated serum vitamin D levels above 60 nmol/L (24 ng/mL) have been linked to increased basal cell carcinoma risk. The study aims to investigate the association of tumor invasion parameters in basal cell carcinoma with vitamin D insufficiency levels. Material and Methods: Retrospective examination of basal cell carcinoma cases (2014-2024) with serum vitamin D levels

Objective: Mast cells play pivotal roles in tumorigenesis dynamics, yet the specific factors driving hyperplastic gastric polyp formation remain unclear. This study aims to elucidate this gap by examining mast cell quantities in incidental gastric polyps, with a specific focus on hyperplastic lesions, and exploring their correlation with polypogenesis and metaplasia. Methods: 45 endoscopy specimens exhibiting anterior non-atrophic chronic inactive gastritis (2014-2023) were examined. Following histological evaluations, the cases were classified into three groups: hyperplastic gastric polyps with or without intestinal metaplasia, and chronic inactive gastritis as the control. Mast cell density per unit area was assessed from toluidine blue-stained sections. Polyp diameter and demographic information were also recorded for statistical analysis. Results: The average ages of patients with hyperplastic polyps, metaplasia, and gastritis were 51.2±12.84, 55.93±13.58, and 56.2±14.68, respectively (p>0.05). In each group, the proportion of women was higher. Mast cell density, which varied within each group, did not show a statistically significant difference (p>0.05). The average polyp diameters for the metaplasia and hyperplastic polyp groups were 0.26 and 0.30 mm, respectively (p>0.05). There was no correlation between mast cell density and polyp diameter (p>0.05). Conclusions: Intestinal metaplasia did not significantly influence mast cell density in non-dysplastic, low-malignant gastric polyps. Mast cell density and diameter in hyperplastic gastric polyps of 1 cm or smaller showed no correlation. Overall, non-cancerous gastric polypogenesis and mast cell count lack a unidirectional relationship.