Demographic and MRI characteristics of patients involved in stage 1, stage 2, and stage 3.

Violin plots showing the model scores for the 256 GBM and 73 CNS-DLBCL cases in stage 3, obtained from the models developed using the (A) ensemble approach and (B) loss approach.

Description of the three-stage study design.

Sensitivity and specificity of the loss model applied to the stage 3 cohort. All possible model score thresholds from the loss model are shown. The yellow highlighted row denotes the score threshold required to obtain 90% sensitivity. The orange highlighted row denotes the score threshold required to obtain 90% specificity.