Objectives. Restless Legs Syndrome is a movement disorder characterized by unpleasant sensations in the legs described as a burning, tingling, etc. Symptoms become worse in the evening and are relieved by moving the limbs. The idiopathic form of the disease is associated with a lack of dopamine, and the secondary form is associated with iron deficiency anemia, pregnancy, and kidney disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women and non-pregnant women suffering from RLS. Methods. The study was conducted on a sample of 231 pregnant women aged 18–50. The pregnant women were interviewed at the outpatient clinic of the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. This study also included a control group of 231 age-compatible non-pregnant women. Women who met the international criteria for diagnosing the syndrome filled in a sociodemographic questionnaire. Results. A statistically significant association between the existence of iron deficiency anemia and RLS in the sample of the examined women was proven (p < 0.001). It was also shown that RLS is more frequent in a sample of anemic pregnant women than non-anemic pregnant women (p = 0.008). Conclusion. Iron deficiency anemia is related with RLS. Pregnant women with RLS are more likely to be anemic than pregnant women without RLS.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurological diseases and second in frequency among neurodegenerative diseases, after the most common, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) [1]. Also, PD is the second most common extrapyramidal disease, after t...

Background/Objectives: Kidney transplantation is the standard of care for the majority of patients with end-stage kidney disease. Neurological complications are common, and among them, tremor is very frequent and usually attributed to immunosuppressive drug toxicity. Methods: In this retrospective study, we investigate the incidence and characteristics of tremor in kidney transplant patients and analyze its occurrence with respect to a multitude of demographic and clinical parameters, thereby aiming to confirm the role of calcineurin inhibitor-induced neurotoxicity and to identify other putative predictive factors. Furthermore, we characterize post-transplant tremor with the goal of identifying its clinical features and determining the impact on quality of life. Results: A total of 129 kidney transplant recipients were screened; six patients were excluded due to a history of movement disorders prior to kidney transplantation. In total, 123 patients were included in the final analysis—69 male (56%) and 54 female patients (44%), with a median age of 50. A total of 36% (46 patients) developed tremor in the post-transplant period. Using both univariable and multivariable analyses, we found that female sex and tacrolimus use were independently associated with the development of post-transplant tremor. In addition, multivariable analysis identified an association between younger age and post-transplant tremor. Furthermore, we observed a trend in the duration of symptoms in relation to the calcineurin inhibitor choice. Conclusions: Despite a relatively high prevalence (36%), post-transplant tremor does not significantly impact the QoL and spontaneously resolves within 1 year in adult kidney transplant recipients. Female sex and tacrolimus were identified as independent predictors of post-transplant tremor in renal transplant recipients.

Background: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is very common among pregnant women; its prevalence corresponds to parity and occurs more frequently in the later stages of pregnancy. It is associated with numerous adverse pregnancy outcomes such as an increased risk of Caesarean section, preeclampsia, insomnia, and depression. Medical treatment of RLS during pregnancy is challenging considering the risks to both the mother and fetus. Case Description: In this report, we describe the case of a 44-year-old, seventh-time multiparous woman with a positive family history of RLS who presented with severe symptoms in her 24th week of pregnancy. She has had symptoms of RLS in every pregnancy thus far, usually starting in the second trimester, with an ineffective therapeutic response to diazepam and uncomfortable sensations, which usually resolve spontaneously a few weeks after delivery. After replacing diazepam with low-dose clonazepam, the patient reported complete disappearance of unpleasant sensations in her legs, with a significant improvement in her quality of life. Conclusions: A low dose of clonazepam is a good therapeutic option for the treatment of RLS during pregnancy and, if necessary, can also be considered the therapy of choice during lactation.