This review unravels the interaction of PC and PEC water splitting with interfacial ferroelectric polarization.

The limitation of a high-voltage lithium (Li) metal battery lies in the absence of a robust electrolyte that can endure oxidation loss at a high-voltage cathode and suppress the dendrite growth at a Li metal anode. The challenge becomes especially serious when the cathode voltage reaches 5 V and above. Here, we developed an additive-containing electrolyte that can concurrently stabilize the Li metal anode and the 5 V class LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ (LNMO) cathode by introducing tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (TPFPB) to the traditional ethylene carbonate/ethyl methyl carbonate (EC/EMC) electrolyte. The boron element and pentafluorobenzene in TPFPB induce preferential formation of a steady and smooth interfacial layer on both the Li and LNMO electrodes, subsequently preventing the decomposition of the electrolyte, impeding the pulverization of the cathode electrode, and retarding the growth of Li dendrites. Accordingly, we accomplish high average coulombic efficiency of >99.2% and superior capacity retention of 90% after 500 cycles at 0.5C with charge cut-off voltage of 4.95 V, which is one of the highest results for cycling among 5 V-class Li metal batteries with 90% capacity retention. This study provides essential technological implications for the electrolyte design for high-voltage Li–metal batteries.

The device based on graphene/SrTiO ₃ nanocomposites exhibited a PCE of 10% with a J _sc of 18.08 mA cm ⁻² .

Nucleation and growth of quantum dots (QDs) are thermodynamic processes driven by the total Gibbs free energy change (ΔG). We discuss the nucleation and growth theory of perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) inside a metal–organic framework (MOF) as a strong constraint framework, which can effectively confine the size of QDs below 3 nm and achieve a scintillator with an ultra-fast transient lifetime of fluorescence. Therefore, based on the requirements for the optical properties of ultra-fast scintillation materials, two kinds of suitable MOFs (UiO-67-bpy and MIL-101(Cr)) were selected for synthesis. The method of ‘ship-in-bottle’ was adopted to embed perovskite quantum dots CsPbBrCl₂ into MOF cages to form PeQDs@MOF composite materials, which is different from the one-pot method. In order to further improve the stability of PeQDs@MOF, polystyrene was used to cure the composite scintillator, which can resist exposure to UV light and withstand the ISO level 4 test, with the fastest transient lifetime of 2.13 ns and a fluorescence emission wavelength of 445 nm.