Despite its proven efficacy in cancer treatment, doxorubicin's therapeutic potential is limited by cumulative, dose-dependent cardiotoxicity, primarily associated with oxidative stress. Given the well-documented antioxidant properties of Melissa officinalis L., this study aimed to assess the cardioprotective potential of its ethanolic extract (MOE) against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). Twenty-one female Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three groups: CTRL (healthy, untreated), DOX (doxorubicin-treated), and DOX-MO (treated with both doxorubicin and MOE). Doxorubicin (15 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered on Day 7, while MOE (200 mg/kg, orally) was given daily for 10 days. Cardiac function was evaluated using echocardiography and Langendorff-perfused hearts, followed by analysis of oxidative stress markers and morphometric analysis. MOE improved cardiac function and partially preserved myocardial architecture following DIC, significantly reducing fibrosis compared to the DOX group. Nitrite levels were significantly elevated in MOE-treated rats, suggesting preserved endothelial function and enhanced nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation. These results suggest that MOE may mitigate DIC through antioxidative and vasodilatory mechanisms, as well as by preserving endothelial and myocardial integrity. Histological findings further indicate a possible reduction in inflammatory changes, supporting a modest anti-inflammatory effect. These findings suggest that MOE may have cardioprotective potential against DIC, warranting further investigation in preclinical and clinical settings.

Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are based on reactivity to thyroid self-antigens, resulting in varying degrees of persistent inflammation and glandular hyperplasia. The aim of this study was to investigate the interplay between angiogenesis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in patients with AITD. The study included patients with AITD, divided into a group with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and a group with Graves’ disease (GD), as well as healthy controls. The results showed that subjects with GD had significantly higher concentrations of angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) compared to those with HT and the healthy controls (p < 0.001). Inflammatory parameters (C-reactive protein (CRP), the systemic inflammatory immune response index (SII), and the CRP/albumin ratio (CRP/alb)) were higher in both AITD groups (p < 0.001). Oxidative stress parameters were more pronounced in AITD, while the activity of antioxidant enzymes was reduced. Ang-2 positively correlated with H₂O₂ (r = 0.394, p = 0.006) and NO (r = 0.519, p = 0.001) in HT, as well as with O₂⁻ (r = 0.232, p = 0.009) and TBARS (r = 0.190, p = 0.038) in GD, while in GD it showed a negative correlation with SOD (r = −0.426, p = 0.012) and CAT (r = −0.534, p = 0.008). Thus, angiogenesis, inflammation, and oxidative stress are interconnected processes in AITD, which may have significance for further understanding of the disease and the development of therapeutic approaches.

Biofilms are surface‐attached bacterial communities that contribute significantly to chronic infections. Their altered metabolism promotes antibiotic resistance and makes treatment more difficult. Alternative strategies, such as the use of medicinal plants, are being actively investigated and Agrimonia eupatoria L. is one of them. This study is aimed at evaluating the antibiofilm activity of ethanol, acetone, and ethyl acetate extracts of A. eupatoria against Staphylococcus aureus , Proteus spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from human wounds. In addition, the effects of these extracts on bacterial auto‐aggregation, surface hydrophobicity, and motility were investigated. The phytochemical analysis included FT‐IR spectroscopy and spectrophotometric quantification of the total phenolic compounds. FT‐IR analysis confirmed the presence of characteristic functional groups vibrations (O–H at ~3425 cm ⁻¹ , C=O at ~1735–1685 cm ⁻¹ , and aromatic C=C at ~1618–1515 cm ⁻¹ ), whereas phytochemical profiling revealed that the ethyl acetate extract contained the highest phenolic acid content (149.65 ± 0.73 mg CAE/g). All tested extracts inhibited initial cell adhesion and biofilm formation, although they were less effective against mature biofilms. Among them, acetone and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited the strongest antibiofilm activity. S. aureus strains S1 and S2 were the most susceptible, with inhibition rates of at least 92% and 85% for the acetone extract, and 78% and 86% for the ethyl acetate extract, respectively. Although auto‐aggregation and cell surface hydrophobicity remained unaffected, both swimming and swarming motilities were reduced. Finally, fluorescence microscopy confirmed that the inhibitory effect was dose‐dependent. These results suggest that A. eupatoria extracts represent promising natural antibiofilm agents against clinically relevant human pathogens.