Factors Affecting the Shortage and or Provision of Sustainable Affordable Housing in Developing Countries - A Case-Study of Cross River State, Nigeria

The energy problem, one the most important on a global scale, greatly affects the environment. Much of the current energy consumption occurs in existing buildings, including heritage buildings with varying protected status. Energy intervention and heritage conservation conflict to some extent, as research focuses more on the search for improved energy efficiency solutions for materials and systems than on their application to heritage buildings. This study describes experimental research on environmental conditioning techniques in spaces of worship in a temperate climate in southern Spain. Buildings were monitored and assessed in the implementation of different environmental techniques—active and combined (passive and active)—with the aim of improving the thermal comfort conditions of the faithful while preserving the cultural heritage of these buildings. The need for a control system of RH and the air system was concluded, as well as radiant floors and radiators, which, in the considered case studies, would barely affect the artworks. 24- and 12-h operation are better suited to heritage preservation than occasional use. All operation schedules are valid for thermal comfort.

This article is about an investigation exploring the vernacular environment of the villages adjacent to the rice fields of Mazandaran in order to identify the configuration and characteristic of its vernacular dwellings, and applied grammatical rules. In this regard, based on case study research, 4 villages and 44 houses within them have been investigated employing different methods including measurement, mapping, visual recording, one on one, and focus group interviews. Houses have been analysed based on the framework that shape grammars provided towards identification of compositional rules. Criteria and influential factors for creation of rules have been achieved through cultural and climatic studies that justify their appropriateness. This process has been successfully examined through plan creation of four different types of vernacular houses. The result shows that the set of rules contributed by this research can be efficient for generation of vernacular houses within the region of this study.

Los edificios religiosos son una parte importante del patrimonio cultural, son documentos de nuestra herencia y tenemos la necesidad de preservarlos. Las condiciones ambientales en el que están inmersos estos edificios son determinantes para la preservación y conservación del patrimonio mueble que contiene. Originalmente, la mayoría de estos espacios no estaban acondicionados, pero actualmente, estos edificios están siendo climatizados para proporcionar el confort térmico a los feligreses y para mejorar las condiciones del clima interior y la preservación del patrimonio mueble. El objetivo principal de esta investigación ha sido analizar las condiciones ambientales de edificios religiosos en un clima Mediterráneo, mediante el uso de monitorización y simulación para evaluar y mejorar la preservación del patrimonio cultural de estos edificios. Este estudio aporta las herramientas para la optimización de la calidad ambiental para la preservación y conservación del patrimonio mueble e inmueble y para su aplicación en futuros proyectos de rehabilitación patrimonial.