Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate, Magnesium Oxide and Dried Sugar Beet Pulp in Diets of Dairy Cows on Milk Yield, Milk Composition and Rumen Fluid and Some Blood Parameters

En tr This study was carried out to investigate the effect of willow tree leafs (Salix alba) added at different levels (0 %, 10 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 %) to grass forage, wheat straw, alfalfa forage and maize silage on the in vitro methane production. Methane production after 24 h incubation of the roughages were measured by injection of the produced gas samples into a special apparatus connected to computer. Condensed tannin content of willow tree leafs was determined as 105 g/kg dry matter. The lowest methane production was determined in the groups of wheat straw added with 50 and 75% willow tree leafs as well as in the groups of alfa alfa hay and corn silage added with 75 % willow tree leafs (P<0.05). The lowest ammonia nitrogen level was observed for alfalfa forage in the treatment group containing 50 and 75 % willow tree leafs (P<0.001). However addition of willow tree leaves to wheat straw increased the ammonia nitrogen value in all treatment groups compared to control group (P<0,01). As a conclusion addition of the willow tree leaf to roughages decreased in vitro methane production. Metabolic energy value and in vitro dry matter digestibility of wheat straw were increased while these values were decreased in alfa alfa roughage and corn silage by addition of willow tree leaf. Further in vivo studies are required in order to determine the effect of willow tree leaf addition on animal performance. Bu araştırma, ruminant beslenmesinde yaygın olarak kullanılan buğday samanı, yonca kuru otu ve mısır silajına farklı oranlarda (% 0, % 10, % 25, % 50, % 75 ve % 100) eklenilen söğüt ağacı (Salix alba) yaprağının (SAY) in vitro metan gazı oluşumuna etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Farklı oranlarda SAY eklenmiş deneme yemleri in vitro gaz tekniği ile 24 saatlik inkubasyona bırakılmıştır. İn vitro gaz üretim tekniği ile 24 saat içerisinde meydana gelen gaz bilgisayar destekli metan gazı ölçüm cihazına özel bir düzenekle enjekte edilerek metan gazı miktarları ölçülmüştür. SAY’da kuru maddede 105 g/kg seviyesinde kondanse tanen içeriği belirlenmiştir. En düşük metan üretimi buğday samanına % 50 ve 75, yonca kuru otuna ve mısır silajına % 75 seviyelerinde SAY ilave edilen gruplarda elde edilmiştir (P<0.05). En düşük amonyak azot değeri, yonca kuru otuna % 50 ve % 75 seviyelerinde SAY eklenen gruplarda saptanmıştır (P<0.001). Ancak buğday samanına eklenen SAY amonyak azot değerini yükseltmiştir (P<0.01). Sonuç olarak SAY’nın kaba yemlere eklenmesi, in vitro denemelerinde metan gazı oluşumunu düşürmüştür. SAY ilavesi metabolik enerji (ME) değerleri ile in vitro organik madde sindirilme derecesini (İVOMS) buğday samanında artırırken, yonca kuru otu ve mısır silajında düşürmüştür. Ayrıca SAY’nın hayvan performansı üzerindeki etkisinin ortaya konulabilmesi için in vivo çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır

This study was carried out to determine the effect of different industrial by-products (pistachio, pomegranate, and olive) as alternative feed sources for sheep. Fifty-two Awassi sheep aged 3 and 4 years were divided into four groups (n=13 per group) concerning age, birth type, milk yield, and lactation period: basal diet without byproducts (CON) and basal diet added with either pistachio shell (PIS), pomegranate hull (POM), or olive pulp (OP). By-products were mixed with the total ration at a rate of 5% and given in the morning and evening feedings. The feeding experiment was continued for 60 days. Milk yield, milk quality, feed consumption, and biochemical parameters such as urea, creatine, triglyceride, total bilirubin, and albumin were determined at 30-day intervals from the beginning of the study. Tukey multiple comparison test was used to compare the research groups. There was no treatment effect on feed consumption. The highest milk yield was measured in sheep fed the POM diet in all periods (the first, second, and third-period means were 1143±111, 967±127, and 785±112 gr, respectively). Milk yield for other groups was similar. At the end of the study, the fat ratio in the CON, PIS, POM, and OP groups were determined to be 6.11±0.30%, 6.25±0.36%, 5.61±0.42%, and 5.97±0.48%, respectively. Protein values were determined as 6.34±0.16%, 6.26%±0.27%, 6.06%±0.23%, and 6.39±0.19% in the same order. There was no statistically significant difference between CON, PIS, POM, and OP groups regarding biochemical parameters. In conclusion, sheep ration can contain PIS, POM, and OP up to 5% as alternative feed sources.

Hayvancılık sektörünün Türkiye ekonomisinde önemli bir yeri vardır ve ülkenin en önemli iktisadi sektörü olma potansiyeline sahiptir. Hayvancılık sektöründeki gelişmeler, ülkenin kalkınma ve sanayileşme derecesi ve toplumun refah düzeyi ile doğrudan ilişkilidir. Bu çalışmada, Adıyaman ilinin kalkınma ve sanayileşme açısından GAP bölgesi içindeki payının tespit edilmesi, hayvancılık sektörünü dalgalandıran faktörlerin incelenmesi, hayvancılık sektörüne ilişkin verilerin ve potansiyelin ortaya konulması, bu verilerden hareketle bugün ve gelecekte Adıyaman’da yapılması gerekenlerin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Hayvancılık, Adıyaman ilinin önemli geçim kaynaklarından biridir. Adıyaman il genelinde melez ve kültür ırkı hayvan sayısı artışı görülmektedir. Dolayı sıyla et ve süt üretiminde artış gözlenmektedir. Sonuç olarak tüm bu göstergeler, entansif üretim yapan hayvancılık sektörünün; Adıyaman ve Türkiye ekonomisinin lokomotifi olabileceğini göstermektedir. Adıyaman’da, kırsal ekonominin ve istihdamın güçlendirilmesi ile hayvancılık sektöründe istihdam sağlayacak ve işletmeciliğe yönlendirecek bir ortamın var olduğu söylenebilir.

Fattening Performance and Dressing Percentage of Holstein Crossbred Bulls at Different Initial Weights in Southeastern Anatolia Region

This study was carried out to examine the effect of adding potato chips waste, which is a by-product of the potato processing industry, on silage quality, as an easily soluble carbohydrate source, to the alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plant, which has a high buffering capacity and is therefore difficult to ensilage. In the study, alfalfa (Medicago sativa) harvested at the 10% flowering point was used as the plant material. Four different groups were formed by adding the silage groups prepared in the study, alfalfa plant control (without additives), and potato chips waste at the rates of 0.5%, 1% and 2% on a wet weight basis to the alfalfa plants. The silages were opened at the end of the 60-day fermentation period and raw nutrient compositions and fermentation products were identified. When the effects of the silages prepared by adding different levels of chip waste to alfalfa plant on the nutrient value were examined, the differences between the groups in terms of dry matter (DM), crude ash (CA), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content of the silages obtained from the study were statistically significant. While it was not significant in terms of CP content, the differences between the silage groups were found to be statistically significant. In the study, when the pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), carbon dioxide (CO2) production and total yeast mold values of the fermentation properties of the silages were examined, decreases were observed due to the addition of chips compared to the control group. When the total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) values of the silages were examined, an increase was observed after the addition of 1% chips. As a result, when all the parameters were examined, it was determined that the silages prepared by adding 1% chips waste had positive effects on silage fermentation.