Helicobacter species affect humans and animals, mainly causing gastrointestinal but also extra-gastrointestinal pathologies. Besides Helicobacter pylori, which is the main human pathogen, Non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacters (NHPH) are also associated with human diseases, thus raising concern about their zoonotic potential. Veterinarians are considered a risk group for NHPH infections and act as first-line communicators to animal owners about their prophylaxis. Therefore, we aimed to assess the knowledge and perception of veterinarians working in Greece about Helicobacter pylori and NHPH by asking them to participate anonymously in an online 34-question survey. The questionnaire consisted of three sections regarding environmental exposure to Helicobacter spp.; know-how about clinical signs in various species, including personal human experience; and willingness to get updated information about NHPH. Of the 111 respondents, 41.4% had not heard of H. suis (NHPH), and 35.0% were unaware of the species that could be affected. Almost 60.0% of companion animal veterinarians rarely suspect and 20.0% never suspect Helicobacter spp. infections in the case of gastritis. Nevertheless, 41.0% of respondents considered Helicobacter as zoonotic, and 87.0% wanted to receive information via professional channels and brochures. Despite the limited number of respondents and the exploratory nature of our study, as with similar data from Portugal, we emphasize the need to train veterinarians to have a more targeted focus on the zoonotic potential of Helicobacter within a One Health approach.

Introduction: West Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic viral disease that poses significant challenges for public health management at both national and supranational levels. This study aims to systematically investigate the One Health practices adopted by European Union (EU) countries for the surveillance, management, and control of WNV outbreaks. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA framework. The search strategy included electronic databases such as PubMed, Embase, and Scopus, while excluding grey literature, such as government reports, policy documents, and conference proceedings. Article selection was carried out in two stages: screening of titles and abstracts, followed by full-text review, based on predefined eligibility criteria. Results: A total of 2,155 records were initially retrieved. After applying the selection criteria, 21 studies were included in the review. The included studies covered both Greece and other EU countries with sufficient numbers of WNV cases to extract meaningful data. Several risk assessments indicated a higher risk of WNV transmission in Central and Eastern Europe. Factors such as summer–autumn temperatures, the presence of wetlands, and Special Protection Areas for birds were identified as potential predictors of WNV outbreaks. The length of the WNV transmission season varied across Europe and was influenced by environmental factors such as temperature and rainfall. Importantly, no harmonized surveillance or public health policies for WNV outbreak management were identified among EU member states. Conclusions: The findings highlight the need for a coordinated, cross-sectoral, and interdisciplinary approach under the One Health framework the principles of which, if applied, have the potential to reduce conflicts between different stakeholder interests and promote a balanced and ethical approach to addressing shared public health challenges, such as the spread of WNV. Establishing a “common practice” for surveillance and response is important for improving preparedness and control efforts across Europe.