A hierarchical Ni ₃ N/NiO electrode exhibits good HER performance through synergistically effect between NiO promoting water dissociation (Volmer step) and Ni ₃ N facilitating hydrogen desorption (Heyrovsky/Tafel step).

In this work, a tomato biochar composite modified with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB@TBC) was successfully synthesized using an ethanol solution method. It was comprehensively characterized to evaluate its morphology (SEM), crystal structure (XRD), chemical bonding (FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy), surface area (BET analysis), and thermal stability (TGA). The adsorption performance of the composite for xylenol orange (XO) was subsequently evaluated in detail. The findings revealed that CTAB@TBC exhibited a maximum adsorption capacity of 150.59 mg/g for XO. Kinetic analysis indicated that the adsorption process conformed to a pseudo-second-order model, implying that chemisorption was the step limiting the rate. The Langmuir model accurately described the adsorption isotherm data, suggesting monolayer adsorption on a uniform surface. Thermodynamic evaluation further revealed a negative Gibbs free energy (ΔG) change, confirming the spontaneity of the adsorption process. In summary, the results suggest that CTAB@TBC is a highly effective adsorbent for eliminating dyes from wastewater and offers considerable promise for treating industrial effluents.

Fe ₆ Ni@FeNi ₆ LDH was fabricated on nickel foam by two-step electrodeposition, delivering efficient and stable OER performance with a low overpotential of 249 mV at 20 mA cm ⁻² and a Tafel slope of 41.4 mV dec ⁻¹ .

Peanut-shell-derived CDs and CuNCs were physically mixed to construct a dual-emission ratiometric probe for methyl orange detection. Smartphone B/R analysis enables visual semi-quantitative readout.