The aim of the present study was to assess the protective effect of silibinin against methotrexate (MTX)-induced pulmonary toxicity. Rats were divided into four groups (MTX, MTX + silibinin, silibinin and control. MTX was injected intraperitoneally (i.p) into female Wistar rats (10 mg/kg/day for 3 days), which resulted in significant increases in the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and oxidant enzymes, including nitric oxide and myeloperoxidase. Furthermore, significant reductions were detected in the serum activity levels of the antioxidative enzymes, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, when compared with the control group. However, administration of silibinin (100 mg/kg/day for 10 days, i.p.) was shown to ameliorate the MTX-induced pulmonary toxicity, as indicated by the normalization of the oxidative stress parameters. Furthermore, silibinin treatment was demonstrated to reduce the histopathological changes associated with MTX. In conclusion, silibinin exhibited protective effects against MTX-induced pulmonary toxicity, which may be attributed to its antioxidant activity.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, cinsel istismar nedeniyle adli rapor istemi ile başvuran 18 yaş ve altındaki çocuk olguların değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem : Merkezimize, 01 Haziran 2012 - 31 Aralık 2014 tarihleri arasında cinsel istismar nedeniyle başvuran olgulardan, 18 yaşından küçük olanların raporları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Olguların, yaş ve cinsiyet gibi demografik verilerinin yanı sıra, saldırganın mağdura yakınlık derecesi, olay yeri, hangi konularda rapor istendiği, olay tarihi ile ilk muayenesi ve birimimizdeki muayenesi arasında geçen süreler ile muayene sonuçları değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Cinsel istismar nedeniyle getirilen 387 olgunun 240’ı (%62,0) çocuktu. Olguların %85,4’ü kız, %14,6’sı erkek, %97,1’i Türkiye Cumhuriyeti (TC) vatandaşı, %2,9’u yabancı uyruklu idi. Toplam çocuk olguların % 45,4’ü 13-15 yaş arasındaki ergenlerdi. Bunlardan %26,3’ünde şüpheli saldırganlar erkek arkadaş, sevgili, nişanlı, eş gibi kişilerken, %20,5’inde kan bağı olan ve olmayan akrabalardı. Çocukların %62,9’unda olay ev ve eklentilerinde gerçekleşmişti. Olguların %31,6’sında cinsel saldırı olayının gerçekleştiği andan son yapılan muayene zamanına kadar geçen süre 3 ay ile 1 yıl arasında olup %19’unda bu sürenin 1 yıldan uzun olduğu saptanmıştır. İstismar, olguların %50,6’sında Mayıs-Ağustos ayları arasında meydana gelirken, %23,8’i olaydan sonraki ilk 72 saat içinde muayene edilebilmiş, bunların da % 57,9’u Adli Tıp Şube Müdürlüğü’nde muayene edilmiştir. Sonuç: Mağdurların, olay sonrası şikâyet sürelerinin gecikmesi dikkat çekicidir; bu sebeple genel olarak tüm toplumda, bu konuda farkındalılık yaratmak, delliller kaybolmadan getirilmeleri amacıyla bilgilendirme ve eğitim çalışmalarının yapılması ve multidisipliner bir yaklaşımla olguların değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir.

In a society, the cultural relics, habits, knowledge, rituals and behaviors that have been held in the past, which are respected and passed on from generation to generation, are called traditions. Baby care is one of the basic elements of social life. Some traditions related to baby care may contain harmful items according to modern medical science. Swaddling is the best example. As a matter of fact, after being known to be harmful, it was left almost after the persistent training. Some applications such as baby salting in our country are still widely applied. The determination of the status of these and similar practices in our region is important in terms of the development of child health. In our study, traditional practices in Muğla province were investigated by survey method.

Introduction: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of long-term drug use due to medical diseases on rational drug use in children, using data obtained from parents. It is a cross-sectional study. Methods: Among the 288 parents who applied to the pediatric outpatient clinics of Muğla Training and Research Hospital between January 1, 2022 and March 31, 2022; 144 people with children aged 0-12 who have a chronic disease and have been using regular medication for at least three months are included in the research group, 144 people who did not have a chronic disease and did not use medication constantly were determined as the control group. In addition to the form containing sociodemographic data and questions to evaluate rational drug use awareness, knowledge, attitudes and behaviors, the "Parental Attitude Scale For Rational Drug Use (PASRDU)" was answered through a face-to-face interview. Data analysis was conducted with SPSS 26 program with a confidence level of 95%. Parental Attitude Scale For Rational Drug Use scores showed normal distribution in both groups. Independent samples t-test was used to compare Parental Attitude Scale For Rational Drug Use scores according to groups, a chi-square test was used to compare the relationship between groups and categorical (grouped) variables, and a two-way ANOVA test was used to compare demographic characteristics and group variables according to Parental Attitude Scale For Rational Drug Use scores. Results: Of the parents participating in the study, 67.71% were mothers and 32.29% were fathers. The average age was 34.88±6.44 years in the research group and 33.57±6.57 years in the control group. The rates of having chronically ill individuals at home and individuals constantly using medication at home are higher in the research group and are statistically significant. While the presence of leftover or spare medication at home was be similar in the research and control groups, the rate of using these medications when necessary was 45.8% in the research group and 56.3% in the control group. While 43.1% of those in the research group did not give over-the-counter medicine to their children, this rate was 16% in the control group. The control group uses over-the-counter vitamins twice as much as the research group. The most commonly used over-the-counter medication in the entire population is antipyretics with a rate of 44.79%. The scores of the research group in Parental Attitude Scale For Rational Drug Use and its subscales are higher than the control group and are statistically significant. The place of residence for the longest time, educational level, having too much medication at home, and using non-prescription medication statistically affect the scores. In addition, the duration of the disease of the children in the research group significantly affected the Parental Attitude Scale For Rational Drug Use total score and the Accurate and Conscious Use subscale, and the disease group significantly affected the Effective and Safe Use subscale score. Conclusion: According to our research, long-term use of medication in children due to medical illness affects rational drug use. Accurate and current information is required in the preparation and use of drugs used in children due to the change in dosage and pharmaceutical form depending on age. In addition, herbal products and food supplements are also used during childhood. Therefore, the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of healthcare professionals and parents affect children’s health. As studies on rational drug use in different regions in our country increase, more detailed and separate planning can be made for drugs used in childhood while preparing education and policies for rational drug use.

En tr Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of urinary track infections, its frequency of complaints, reproductive microorganisms and antibiotic resistance of these microorganisms. Material and Method: Our study was carried out on 221 patients who were admitted to the hospital in a 6 month period and who were identified as UTI at the admission. The complete urine examinations and urine samples for urine culture were taken before the patients who were suspected to UTI, symptoms, and physical examination and PSA. Antibiotic susceptibilities were tested by using antibiotic discs in grown cultured. Colony-forming unit (cFU / ml) of milliliter was evaluated as positive for overproduction. Patient recurrent ultrasonography (USG) and voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) were withdrawn. Scars were investigated by drawing DMSA scintigraphy in patients with reflux in VCUG. Results: In this study , 109 of patients (49%) were male and 112 of (51%) were female. A significant increase was detected in girls with age increases. Similarly, the number of patients hospitalized in parallel with the increase of age was found to decrease gradually. The significant decrease at the proportion of patients with age was found . Similarly, the number of patients decrease in contrast to age increase. According to the complaints of the patients, the proportion of specific complaints such as abdominal pain, frequent urination, and dizziness increased by age. E. coli is the most common microorganism in policlinic patients whereas Klebsiella spp, is the most common pathogen (48.5%) in hospitalized patients. Klebsiella (48.5%), E. coli (30,9%) and proteus spp, (27%) were the most common pathogens in the inpatients, whereas E. coli (69%), (69%), Proteus spp (12.5%) and Klebsiella spp (9.6%) in the outpatient. Conclusions : In our study, young children (0-2 years) were found to be at greater risk for urinary tract infection, reduction in the proportion of patients who need to be treated on an inpatient basis, and the number of men with urinary tract infections is decreasing, a decrease in the proportion of girls is found to be important There is no significant increase in antibiotic resistance according to current data. Amaç: Çalışmadaki amacımız, idrar yolu enfeksiyonu (İYE) olan hastaların epidemiyolojik özellikleri, yakınmaların sıklığı, üreyen mikroorganizmalar ve bu mikroorganizmaların antibiyotik dirençlerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamız, 6 aylık bir dönemde hastaneye başvuran ve İYE saptananlarla bu sürede yatan ve yatışı sırasında İYE saptanan 221 olgu üzerinde yapılmıştır. Anamnez, semptomlar ve fizik muayene bulguları ile İYE düşünülen hastalardan önce tam idrar tetkiki ve idrar kültürü için idrar örneği alındı. Üreme saptanan kültürlerde antibiyotik diskleri kullanılarak antibiyotik duyarlılıkları test edildi. Mililitrede 10⁵ coloni forming unite (cFU/ml)’den fazla üreme olması pozitif olarak değerlendirildi. Tekrarlayan İYE saptanan hastalara ultrasonografi (USG) ve voiding sistoüretrografi (VCUG) çekildi. VCUG’de reflü saptanan hastalara DMSA sintigrafi çekilerek skar araştırıldı. Bulgular: Yaşları 0-15 arasında değişen hastaların, 109 (%49)’u erkek 112 (% 51)'si kızdı. Yaşın artışı ile birlikte kızların oranında anlamlı bir artış saptandı. Benzer şekilde yaşın artışına parelel olarak yatan hasta sayısının da giderek azaldığı görüldü. Yaşla beraber yatan hasta oranında azalma anlamlı bulundu. Yaşın artışı ile birlikte, karın ağrısı, sık idrara çıkma, dizüri gibi spesifik yakınmaların oranının da arttığı saptandı. Poliklinik hastalarında E.coli en sık görülen mikroorganizma olmasına karşılık, yatan hastalarda klebsiella en sık görülen (%48,5) patojen olarak saptanmıştır. Yatan hastalarda en sık üreyen patojenler sırasıyla klebsiella (%48,5), E. coli (%30,9), proteus (%27) iken; poliklinik hastalarında E. coli (%69), proteus (%12,5) ve klebsiella (%9,6) olmuştur. Sonuçlar: Çalışmamızda, küçük çocukların (0-2 yaş) İYE açısından daha fazla risk altında oldukları, yaşın artışı ile yatarak tedavi görmesi gereken hasta oranının azalması ve İYE olan erkeklerin sayısı azalırken; kız çocukların oranında azalma olması önemli bulunmuştur. Günümüz verilerine göre antibiotik dirençlerinde anlamlı olabilecek bir artış olmadığı görülmüştür.