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Liesel A. Ritchie
Institute of Behavioral Science

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Conference paper
Published: 04 September 2020 in 2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings
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Leadership Development for Engineering Technology Faculty: Becoming an Educational Leader through Knowledge Generation, Application, and ContributionLeaders understand that knowledge is power. They also know knowledge creates resilience,flexibility, and adaptability, and therefor provides a competitive edge for those using andapplying that knowledge. This paper explores how engineering technology faculty andadministrators at two-year colleges can gain, use, and share critical knowledge of what works,and doesn’t work, in technician education (TE). Faculty members who generate, apply, andcontribute their knowledge of research-in-action and effective practices give their students, theirtechnical programs, and their colleges a strategic and competitive advantage. Knowledge sharedwith and by peers in the greater community of practitioners enables faculty to: 1) broaden theirown knowledge base and improve their professional practice; 2) strengthen student outcomesacross engineering technology courses and programs; and, 3) develop more competitive grantproposals built on an existing body of knowledge. Further, knowledge acquisition and effectivedissemination informs and supports the development of leadership skills, thereby enhancingindividual faculty status and visibility at home institutions and in the collective community.This paper introduces and showcases the Compendium of Research on Technician Education--anew way relevant research is being published and delivered to the doorstep of technicianeducators at www.TeachingTechnicians.org. This comprehensive database resource, developedin part with funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF), includes promising andproven practices to assist two-year college faculty in keeping their teaching practice andstudents’ learning rigorous, current, and relevant. The compendium offers targeted research on awide array of topics, such as TE technology programs, TE and workforce needs, and TE andstudent outcomes. Among the resources included are reports; peer-reviewed articles; NSF awards(mostly from the “ATE” or Advanced Technological Education program); presentations andposters; and technical briefing papers. Sample research entries range from “MaximizingRetention in Engineering/Engineering Technology” to “Using Problem-based Learning toModify Curriculum to Meet Industry Needs” to “Learning and the New Workplace: Impacts ofTechnology Change on Postsecondary and Technical Education.” Searches within TE can betailored to specific program and/or course needs for up-to-date and pertinent models, examples,and implementation practices. The ability to customize searches can also assist faculty indeveloping competitive grant concepts and strong, research-based proposals. Faculty accessingand searching the compendium can use the research findings in multiple ways to enhance theirwork and improve program success. In addition, faculty members can become active contributorsto the compendium, thereby expanding the body of knowledge generated and applied in the field,and gaining or expanding their own leadership skills.

ACS Style

Elaine L. Craft; Liesel Ritchie; Sandra Janette Mikolaski. Leadership Development for Engineering Technology Faculty: Becoming an Educational Leader through Knowledge Generation, Application, and Contribution. 2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings 2020, 24.844.1 -24.844.14.

AMA Style

Elaine L. Craft, Liesel Ritchie, Sandra Janette Mikolaski. Leadership Development for Engineering Technology Faculty: Becoming an Educational Leader through Knowledge Generation, Application, and Contribution. 2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings. 2020; ():24.844.1-24.844.14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elaine L. Craft; Liesel Ritchie; Sandra Janette Mikolaski. 2020. "Leadership Development for Engineering Technology Faculty: Becoming an Educational Leader through Knowledge Generation, Application, and Contribution." 2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings , no. : 24.844.1-24.844.14.

Journal article
Published: 14 July 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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This research examines psychosocial stress associated with shale gas development through the narratives of residents and the Revised Impact of Event Scale (IES-R). We carried out our research in three of England’s communities impacted by shale gas development. To gather data, we conducted qualitative interviews and engaged in participant observation in all three communities and conducted a quantitative survey of residents. From our qualitative interviews it was apparent that the residents we spoke with experienced significant levels of stress associated with shale gas development in each community. Importantly, residents reported that stress was not only a reaction to development, but a consequence of interacting with industry and decision makers. Our quantitative findings suggest that a significant portion of residents 14.1% living near the shale gas sites reported high levels of stress (i.e., scoring 24 or more points) even while the mean IES-R score of residents living around the site is relatively low (i.e., 9.6; 95% CI 7.5–11.7). We conclude that the experiences, of the three English communities, reported in the qualitative interviews and quantitative survey are consistent with the reports of stress in the United States for those residents who live in shale gas communities. We therefore suggest that psychosocial stress is an important negative externality, which needs to be taken seriously by local planning officers and local planning committees when considering exploration and development permits for shale gas.

ACS Style

Feizel Aryee; Anna Szolucha; Paul B. Stretesky; Damien Short; Michael A. Long; Liesel A. Ritchie; Duane A. Gill. Shale Gas Development and Community Distress: Evidence from England. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 5069 .

AMA Style

Feizel Aryee, Anna Szolucha, Paul B. Stretesky, Damien Short, Michael A. Long, Liesel A. Ritchie, Duane A. Gill. Shale Gas Development and Community Distress: Evidence from England. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (14):5069.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Feizel Aryee; Anna Szolucha; Paul B. Stretesky; Damien Short; Michael A. Long; Liesel A. Ritchie; Duane A. Gill. 2020. "Shale Gas Development and Community Distress: Evidence from England." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14: 5069.

Journal article
Published: 19 May 2020 in Sustainability
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Summer is a stressful time of year for many parents as they struggle to meet household expenses and feed children. The aim of the present study is to determine if there is an association between summertime food insecurity (i.e., holiday hunger) and parental stress among a sample of UK parents with school age children living in North East England. A cross-sectional sample of (n = 252) parents are analyzed using holiday hunger as the independent variable and a subjective measure of stress that treats summer as a ‘stressful event’ as the dependent variable. Of the parents in the sample, 64.8% reported at least some level of holiday hunger. We find parents facing any holiday hunger scored substantively higher on the overall 75-point Impact of Event Scale (mean difference = 30.4, 95% confidence interval ((CI) 24.2–36.6), the 35-point intrusion subscale (13.7, 95% CI 10.8–16.5), and the 40-point avoidance subscale (16.7, 95% CI 13.3–20.2). These findings are replicated in a regression analysis. In addition, we find that holiday hunger partially mediates the association between economic hardship (i.e., unemployment and poverty) and parental stress. We conclude by suggesting that government policies addressing economic hardship are not only likely to reduce holiday hunger, but also improve mental wellbeing.

ACS Style

Paul B. Stretesky; Margaret Anne Defeyter; Michael A. Long; Liesel A. Ritchie; Duane A. Gill. Holiday Hunger and Parental Stress: Evidence from North East England. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4141 .

AMA Style

Paul B. Stretesky, Margaret Anne Defeyter, Michael A. Long, Liesel A. Ritchie, Duane A. Gill. Holiday Hunger and Parental Stress: Evidence from North East England. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (10):4141.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paul B. Stretesky; Margaret Anne Defeyter; Michael A. Long; Liesel A. Ritchie; Duane A. Gill. 2020. "Holiday Hunger and Parental Stress: Evidence from North East England." Sustainability 12, no. 10: 4141.

Journal article
Published: 31 January 2020 in The Extractive Industries and Society
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Technologies such as hydraulic fracturing and wastewater injection can elicit strong and sometimes diverging reactions among the public, particularly when there is uncertainty about the associated risks. Understanding how people are weighing potential benefits in the context of these risks can help to address some of the challenges associated with people’s responses, such as community conflict and social disruption—especially when multiple risks intersect, as in the case of induced seismicity. As a relatively new phenomenon, perceived risk of induced seismicity remains an underexplored area in hazards and risk analysis research. Prior work on hydraulic fracturing has revealed that a complex variety of factors influences how the public in a given area perceives the overall impacts, risks, and value of oil and gas operations. This article focuses on findings derived from in-depth interviews and informal conversations with 36 Oklahomans as part of a larger study of social responses to induced seismicity in that state and Colorado. These findings center around participants’ reported concerns, problems, benefits, and new opportunities associated with oil and gas development, including the ways in which participants weigh the costs and benefits of oil and gas development activities—particularly hydraulic fracturing—within the context of induced seismicity.

ACS Style

Nnenia M. Campbell; Maggie Leon-Corwin; Liesel A. Ritchie; Jamie Vickery. Human-Induced Seismicity: Risk perceptions in the State of Oklahoma. The Extractive Industries and Society 2020, 7, 119 -126.

AMA Style

Nnenia M. Campbell, Maggie Leon-Corwin, Liesel A. Ritchie, Jamie Vickery. Human-Induced Seismicity: Risk perceptions in the State of Oklahoma. The Extractive Industries and Society. 2020; 7 (1):119-126.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nnenia M. Campbell; Maggie Leon-Corwin; Liesel A. Ritchie; Jamie Vickery. 2020. "Human-Induced Seismicity: Risk perceptions in the State of Oklahoma." The Extractive Industries and Society 7, no. 1: 119-126.

Journal article
Published: 24 December 2019 in Journal of Rural Studies
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In the last two decades, social capital has become a crucial concept in the study of vulnerability and resilience in disaster research. While most of this scholarly attention has focused on the recovery phase of the disaster management cycle, this article focuses on the often neglected phase of disaster preparedness. Using more than 180 in-depth interviews with community members involved in emergency management conducted from 2014 to 2018, we explore the relationship between various forms of social capital in communities across the state of Oklahoma. Here, stakeholder perceptions describe a deteriorating relationship between rural communities and urban centers due to failed expectations of trust and reciprocity. Oklahoma's divisive social arrangement is the historical product of geographic distance, a statewide financial crisis, and conservative economic policy. This collective sense of community disenfranchisement creates social solidarity across rural Oklahoma, paving the way for the formation of informal networks that stitch together resources in order to cultivate resilience. The findings suggest that while these rural communities do become more resilient by forming new inter-community relationships, their insulation from diverse social networks in urban areas makes them more vulnerable. This research enhances understanding of the relational dimensions of social capital. Additionally, it gleans perspective on how emergency management in financially strapped, rural communities use social relationships to navigate economic challenges in a geography under constant threat from a variety of natural hazards.

ACS Style

Adam M. Straub; Benjamin J. Gray; Liesel Ritchie; Duane A. Gill. Cultivating disaster resilience in rural Oklahoma: Community disenfranchisement and relational aspects of social capital. Journal of Rural Studies 2019, 73, 105 -113.

AMA Style

Adam M. Straub, Benjamin J. Gray, Liesel Ritchie, Duane A. Gill. Cultivating disaster resilience in rural Oklahoma: Community disenfranchisement and relational aspects of social capital. Journal of Rural Studies. 2019; 73 ():105-113.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adam M. Straub; Benjamin J. Gray; Liesel Ritchie; Duane A. Gill. 2019. "Cultivating disaster resilience in rural Oklahoma: Community disenfranchisement and relational aspects of social capital." Journal of Rural Studies 73, no. : 105-113.

Journal article
Published: 13 August 2019 in Environmental Hazards
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ACS Style

Liesel Ritchie; Duane A. Gill; Michael Long. Factors influencing stress response avoidance behaviors following technological disasters: A case study of the 2008 TVA coal ash spill. Environmental Hazards 2019, 19, 442 -462.

AMA Style

Liesel Ritchie, Duane A. Gill, Michael Long. Factors influencing stress response avoidance behaviors following technological disasters: A case study of the 2008 TVA coal ash spill. Environmental Hazards. 2019; 19 (5):442-462.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liesel Ritchie; Duane A. Gill; Michael Long. 2019. "Factors influencing stress response avoidance behaviors following technological disasters: A case study of the 2008 TVA coal ash spill." Environmental Hazards 19, no. 5: 442-462.

Journal article
Published: 31 January 2018 in Risk Analysis
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During the past four decades, a number of social science scholars have conceptualized technological disasters as a social problem. More specifically, research in this arena has identified individual and collective stress as a secondary trauma of processes intended to provide compensation and economic relief from disasters in general and, more specifically, technological disasters. Based on data from a 2013 household telephone survey of 1,216 residents of coastal Alabama, this article examines the relationship between psychosocial stress and compensation processes related to the 2010 BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill. We examine involvement with claims, settlement, and litigation activities; vulnerability and exposure to the spill; ties to resources; resource loss and gain; perceptions of risk and recreancy; and intrusive stress and avoidance behaviors as measured by the impact of event scale. Regression analysis reveals that the strongest contributors to intrusive stress were being part of the compensation process, resource loss, concerns about air quality, and income. Although being involved with compensation processes was a significant predictor of avoidance behaviors, the strongest contributors to avoidance behaviors were resource loss, air quality concern, income, being male, minority status, and community attachment. Beliefs that the compensation process was as distressing as the oil spill also significantly contributed to intrusive stress and avoidance behaviors. This research represents a step toward filling a gap in empirical evidence regarding the extent to which protracted compensation processes exacerbate adverse psychosocial impacts of disasters and hinder community recovery.

ACS Style

Liesel A. Ritchie; Duane A. Gill; Michael A. Long. Mitigating Litigating: An Examination of Psychosocial Impacts of Compensation Processes Associated with the 2010 BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. Risk Analysis 2018, 38, 1656 -1671.

AMA Style

Liesel A. Ritchie, Duane A. Gill, Michael A. Long. Mitigating Litigating: An Examination of Psychosocial Impacts of Compensation Processes Associated with the 2010 BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. Risk Analysis. 2018; 38 (8):1656-1671.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liesel A. Ritchie; Duane A. Gill; Michael A. Long. 2018. "Mitigating Litigating: An Examination of Psychosocial Impacts of Compensation Processes Associated with the 2010 BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill." Risk Analysis 38, no. 8: 1656-1671.

Chapter
Published: 17 November 2017 in Handbook of Disaster Research
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The development of a disaster social science paradigm is explored in this chapter. A disaster paradigm emerged in the years following WWII and came to dominate the field. Relying on theories associated with functionalism, collective behavior, and social organization, this paradigm used case studies, interviews, secondary data analysis, and surveys to address research questions that increasingly focused on preparation, response, recovery, and mitigation activities associated with sudden-onset natural hazards and disasters. Beginning in the 1970s, extreme events in the form of technological disasters presented anomalies to this dominant paradigm and gave rise to alternative perspectives in the study of disasters. These perspectives introduced new concepts, theories, and approaches that are increasingly being incorporated into this disaster social science paradigm. Recognition of “natech” and “techna” hazards and disasters further reveals the social embeddedness of all hazards, risks, and disasters and presents new challenges to this evolving paradigm.

ACS Style

Duane A. Gill; Liesel A. Ritchie. Contributions of Technological and Natech Disaster Research to the Social Science Disaster Paradigm. Handbook of Disaster Research 2017, 39 -60.

AMA Style

Duane A. Gill, Liesel A. Ritchie. Contributions of Technological and Natech Disaster Research to the Social Science Disaster Paradigm. Handbook of Disaster Research. 2017; ():39-60.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Duane A. Gill; Liesel A. Ritchie. 2017. "Contributions of Technological and Natech Disaster Research to the Social Science Disaster Paradigm." Handbook of Disaster Research , no. : 39-60.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2016 in The Extractive Industries and Society
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ACS Style

Duane A. Gill; Liesel A. Ritchie; J. Steven Picou. Sociocultural and psychosocial impacts of the exxon valdez oil spill: Twenty-four years of research in Cordova, Alaska. The Extractive Industries and Society 2016, 3, 1105 -1116.

AMA Style

Duane A. Gill, Liesel A. Ritchie, J. Steven Picou. Sociocultural and psychosocial impacts of the exxon valdez oil spill: Twenty-four years of research in Cordova, Alaska. The Extractive Industries and Society. 2016; 3 (4):1105-1116.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Duane A. Gill; Liesel A. Ritchie; J. Steven Picou. 2016. "Sociocultural and psychosocial impacts of the exxon valdez oil spill: Twenty-four years of research in Cordova, Alaska." The Extractive Industries and Society 3, no. 4: 1105-1116.

Journal article
Published: 12 August 2015 in Natural Hazards
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ACS Style

Duane A. Gill; Liesel Ritchie; J. Steven Picou; Jennifer Langhinrichsen-Rohling; Michael A. Long; Jessica W. Shenesey. Erratum to: The Exxon and BP oil spills: a comparison of psychosocial impacts. Natural Hazards 2015, 79, 673 -673.

AMA Style

Duane A. Gill, Liesel Ritchie, J. Steven Picou, Jennifer Langhinrichsen-Rohling, Michael A. Long, Jessica W. Shenesey. Erratum to: The Exxon and BP oil spills: a comparison of psychosocial impacts. Natural Hazards. 2015; 79 (1):673-673.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Duane A. Gill; Liesel Ritchie; J. Steven Picou; Jennifer Langhinrichsen-Rohling; Michael A. Long; Jessica W. Shenesey. 2015. "Erratum to: The Exxon and BP oil spills: a comparison of psychosocial impacts." Natural Hazards 79, no. 1: 673-673.

Journal article
Published: 25 June 2014 in Natural Hazards
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We address the research question: ‘Did the 2010 BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill have similar psychosocial impacts as the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill?’ We answer this question by comparing survey results from a random sample of Cordova, Alaska, residents collected 18 months after the Exxon spill with a random sample of residents in the Alabama coastal counties of Baldwin and south Mobile 1 year after the BP disaster. Analysis revealed similarly high levels of psychological stress for survivors of both disasters. For residents of coastal Alabama, the strongest predictors of psychosocial stress were exposure to oil, ties to renewable resources, concerns about their economic future, worries about air quality, and safety issues regarding seafood harvests in oiled areas. Differences between south Mobile and Baldwin counties were related to the former community’s economic ties to renewable resources and Baldwin County’s dependence on tourism for economic sustainability.

ACS Style

Duane A. Gill; Liesel Ritchie; J. Steven Picou; Jennifer Langhinrichsen-Rohling; Michael Long; Jessica W. Shenesey. The Exxon and BP oil spills: a comparison of psychosocial impacts. Natural Hazards 2014, 74, 1911 -1932.

AMA Style

Duane A. Gill, Liesel Ritchie, J. Steven Picou, Jennifer Langhinrichsen-Rohling, Michael Long, Jessica W. Shenesey. The Exxon and BP oil spills: a comparison of psychosocial impacts. Natural Hazards. 2014; 74 (3):1911-1932.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Duane A. Gill; Liesel Ritchie; J. Steven Picou; Jennifer Langhinrichsen-Rohling; Michael Long; Jessica W. Shenesey. 2014. "The Exxon and BP oil spills: a comparison of psychosocial impacts." Natural Hazards 74, no. 3: 1911-1932.

Special tribute articles
Published: 01 June 2013 in Society & Natural Resources
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In 1993, Freudenburg suggested the term “recreancy” to refer to behaviors associated with institutional failures, which he distinguished from the consequences of such failures. This article revisits issues related to recreancy associated with the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. Using qualitative data collected in Cordova, Alaska, between 2002 and 2010, we examine notions about recreancy and technological disasters. Findings highlight perceptions of institutional failures associated with the spill and cleanup activities, providing insights into the social consequences of such failures for those most directly affected by them, including loss of ontological security, the emergence of corrosive communities, and diminished social capital. We extend the discussion about recreancy to include organizational processes intended to address economic, social, and environmental consequences of technological disasters. Our data reveal a persistence of beliefs about recreancy associated with the Exxon Valdez oil spill and the subsequent litigation, and their consequences for long-term community impacts.

ACS Style

Liesel Ashley Ritchie; Duane A. Gill; Courtney N. Farnham. Recreancy Revisited: Beliefs about Institutional Failure Following theExxon ValdezOil Spill. Society & Natural Resources 2013, 26, 655 -671.

AMA Style

Liesel Ashley Ritchie, Duane A. Gill, Courtney N. Farnham. Recreancy Revisited: Beliefs about Institutional Failure Following theExxon ValdezOil Spill. Society & Natural Resources. 2013; 26 (6):655-671.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liesel Ashley Ritchie; Duane A. Gill; Courtney N. Farnham. 2013. "Recreancy Revisited: Beliefs about Institutional Failure Following theExxon ValdezOil Spill." Society & Natural Resources 26, no. 6: 655-671.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2012 in Sociological Inquiry
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This article examines persistent social impacts of the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS) by focusing on the relationship between social capital and chronic individual stress and collective trauma, using Hobfoll’s (1988) conservation of resources model of stress as an organizing framework. Data are based on in‐depth personal interviews conducted 14 years after the disaster. Analyses focus on the ways in which stress‐related behaviors associated with loss and threat of loss of various forms of resources have affected social capital in the renewable resource community of Cordova, Alaska. Findings reveal lower levels of trust, disruptions in associations, weakened social connections and networks, altered social discourses, diminished feelings of good will, and violations of norms of reciprocity. Behaviors associated with long‐term stress related to the EVOS and to the associated protracted litigation are indicative of diminished social capital. This research highlights the critical importance of social capital as a collective resource and illustrates the ways in which decreased social capital can exacerbate individual stress and collective trauma.

ACS Style

Liesel Ashley Ritchie. Individual Stress, Collective Trauma, and Social Capital in the Wake of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill*. Sociological Inquiry 2012, 82, 187 -211.

AMA Style

Liesel Ashley Ritchie. Individual Stress, Collective Trauma, and Social Capital in the Wake of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill*. Sociological Inquiry. 2012; 82 (2):187-211.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liesel Ashley Ritchie. 2012. "Individual Stress, Collective Trauma, and Social Capital in the Wake of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill*." Sociological Inquiry 82, no. 2: 187-211.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2011 in Earthquake Spectra
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This paper focuses on decision making and planning, primarily by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), for the provision of temporary housing following the 2010 Haiti earthquake. Data were obtained through interviews, observations, and document collection during four field trips to southeastern Haiti and Port-au-Prince between late January and the end of May 2010. Three sets of issues hindered decision making associated with rehousing: assessment, logistics, and governance and coordination—problems that are all too familiar in large-scale disaster settings around the world. Our findings highlight the challenges of decision making and planning during the immediate period following disasters and raise questions about the extent to which guidance on disaster-loss reduction measures is reaching societies and communities that need it most, about why approaches that have been shown to be counterproductive in other disasters continue to persist, and about the applicability of current recovery paradigms, policies, and practices in the aftermath of the Haiti earthquake and other similar contexts.

ACS Style

Liesel Ritchie; Kathleen Tierney. Temporary Housing Planning and Early Implementation in the 12 January 2010 Haiti Earthquake. Earthquake Spectra 2011, 27, 487 -507.

AMA Style

Liesel Ritchie, Kathleen Tierney. Temporary Housing Planning and Early Implementation in the 12 January 2010 Haiti Earthquake. Earthquake Spectra. 2011; 27 (1_suppl1):487-507.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liesel Ritchie; Kathleen Tierney. 2011. "Temporary Housing Planning and Early Implementation in the 12 January 2010 Haiti Earthquake." Earthquake Spectra 27, no. 1_suppl1: 487-507.

Journal article
Published: 05 August 2011 in American Behavioral Scientist
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The 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill and the 2010 BP oil spill were the largest and most ecologically damaging releases of oil in North American history. This research provides a comparison of the social and mental health impacts of these two major technological disasters. Random samples of residents of Cordova, Alaska, and south Mobile County, Alabama, were collected 5 months after each event. A standardized indicator of event-related stress was used for both samples. The analysis revealed similarly high levels of initial psychological stress for survivors of both disasters. The strongest predictors of stress were family health concerns, commercial ties to renewable resources, and concern about economic future, economic loss, and exposure to the oil. Drawing on more than 20 years of research on the Exxon Valdez disaster, we discuss implications for residents of Gulf Coast communities.

ACS Style

Duane A. Gill; J. Steven Picou; Liesel A. Ritchie. The Exxon Valdez and BP Oil Spills. American Behavioral Scientist 2011, 56, 3 -23.

AMA Style

Duane A. Gill, J. Steven Picou, Liesel A. Ritchie. The Exxon Valdez and BP Oil Spills. American Behavioral Scientist. 2011; 56 (1):3-23.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Duane A. Gill; J. Steven Picou; Liesel A. Ritchie. 2011. "The Exxon Valdez and BP Oil Spills." American Behavioral Scientist 56, no. 1: 3-23.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2009 in Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology
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This article describes the testing of a model that proposes that people's beliefs regarding the effectiveness of hazard preparedness interact with social context factors (community participation, collective efficacy, empowerment and trust) to influence levels of hazard preparedness. Using data obtained from people living in coastal communities in Alaska and Oregon that are susceptible to experiencing tsunami, structural equation modelling analyses confirmed the ability of the model to help account for differences in levels of tsunami preparedness. Analysis revealed that community members and civic agencies influence preparedness in ways that are independent of the information provided per se. The model suggests that, to encourage people to prepare, outreach strategies must (a) encourage community members to discuss tsunami hazard issues and to identify the resources and information they need to deal with the consequences a tsunami would pose for them and (b) ensure that the community-agency relationship is complementary and empowering.

ACS Style

Douglas Paton; Bruce F. Houghton; Chris E. Gregg; David McIvor; David Johnston; Petra Buergelt; Penny Larin; Duane A. Gill; Liesel Ritchie; Steven Meinhold; Jennifer Horan. Managing Tsunami Risk: Social Context Influences on Preparedness. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology 2009, 3, 27 -37.

AMA Style

Douglas Paton, Bruce F. Houghton, Chris E. Gregg, David McIvor, David Johnston, Petra Buergelt, Penny Larin, Duane A. Gill, Liesel Ritchie, Steven Meinhold, Jennifer Horan. Managing Tsunami Risk: Social Context Influences on Preparedness. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology. 2009; 3 (1):27-37.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Douglas Paton; Bruce F. Houghton; Chris E. Gregg; David McIvor; David Johnston; Petra Buergelt; Penny Larin; Duane A. Gill; Liesel Ritchie; Steven Meinhold; Jennifer Horan. 2009. "Managing Tsunami Risk: Social Context Influences on Preparedness." Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology 3, no. 1: 27-37.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2008 in Sociological Inquiry
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ACS Style

Liesel Ritchie; Duane A. Gill. TheSelendang AyuShipwreck and Oil Spill: Considering Threats and Fears of a Worst-Case Scenario*. Sociological Inquiry 2008, 78, 184 -206.

AMA Style

Liesel Ritchie, Duane A. Gill. TheSelendang AyuShipwreck and Oil Spill: Considering Threats and Fears of a Worst-Case Scenario*. Sociological Inquiry. 2008; 78 (2):184-206.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liesel Ritchie; Duane A. Gill. 2008. "TheSelendang AyuShipwreck and Oil Spill: Considering Threats and Fears of a Worst-Case Scenario*." Sociological Inquiry 78, no. 2: 184-206.

Original articles
Published: 25 September 2007 in Sociological Spectrum
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ACS Style

Duane A. Gill; Lee Clarke; Maurie J. Cohen; Liesel A. Ritchie; Anthony E. Ladd; Stephen Meinhold; Brent K. Marshall. POST-KATRINA GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH. Sociological Spectrum 2007, 27, 789 -792.

AMA Style

Duane A. Gill, Lee Clarke, Maurie J. Cohen, Liesel A. Ritchie, Anthony E. Ladd, Stephen Meinhold, Brent K. Marshall. POST-KATRINA GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH. Sociological Spectrum. 2007; 27 (6):789-792.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Duane A. Gill; Lee Clarke; Maurie J. Cohen; Liesel A. Ritchie; Anthony E. Ladd; Stephen Meinhold; Brent K. Marshall. 2007. "POST-KATRINA GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH." Sociological Spectrum 27, no. 6: 789-792.

Original articles
Published: 01 January 2007 in Sociological Spectrum
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Conceptual and empirical research on technological disasters has produced a number of seminal contributions including concepts of recreancy, collective trauma, lifestyle and lifescape change, corrosive community, secondary trauma, and the ecological-symbolic perspective. This article presents social capital theory as a comprehensive framework that incorporates and integrates these key conceptual elements and theories. After presenting fundamental elements of social capital theory, we demonstrate how key concepts in technological disaster research relate to social capital. We conclude that while social capital theory has merit and potential for improving our understanding of all disaster events, it is particularly useful in comprehending the multifarious impacts of technological disasters.

ACS Style

Liesel Ritchie; Duane A. Gill. SOCIAL CAPITAL THEORY AS AN INTEGRATING THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK IN TECHNOLOGICAL DISASTER RESEARCH. Sociological Spectrum 2007, 27, 103 -129.

AMA Style

Liesel Ritchie, Duane A. Gill. SOCIAL CAPITAL THEORY AS AN INTEGRATING THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK IN TECHNOLOGICAL DISASTER RESEARCH. Sociological Spectrum. 2007; 27 (1):103-129.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liesel Ritchie; Duane A. Gill. 2007. "SOCIAL CAPITAL THEORY AS AN INTEGRATING THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK IN TECHNOLOGICAL DISASTER RESEARCH." Sociological Spectrum 27, no. 1: 103-129.