This narrative review explores texture analysis as a valuable technique in dentomaxillofacial diagnosis, providing an advanced method for quantification and characterization of different image modalities. The traditional imaging techniques rely primarily on visual assessment, which may overlook subtle variations in tissue structure. In contrast, texture analysis uses sophisticated algorithms to extract quantitative information from imaging data, thus offering deeper insights into the spatial distribution and relationships of pixel intensities. This process identifies unique “texture signatures”, serving as markers for accurately characterizing tissue changes or pathological processes. The synergy between texture analysis and radiomics allows radiologists to transcend traditional size-based or semantic descriptors, offering a comprehensive understanding of imaging data. This method enhances diagnostic accuracy, particularly for the assessment of oral and maxillofacial pathologies. The integration of texture analysis with radiomics expands the potential for precise tissue characterization by moving beyond the limitations of human eye evaluations. This article reviews the current trends and methodologies in texture analysis within the field of dentomaxillofacial imaging, highlights its practical applications, and discusses future directions for research and dental clinical practice.

Radiogenomics examines associations between imaging phenotypes and underlying biological characteristics across cancer types. This structured narrative review focuses on oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and evaluates how genomic programs characteristic of HPV-positive and HPV-negative tumors have been investigated across computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) as variations in heterogeneity, diffusion patterns, perfusion and metabolic activity. A structured literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science to identify studies on radiomics and radiogenomics in OPSCC and related head and neck cancers. After screening and eligibility assessment, 81 studies were included in the narrative synthesis. The reviewed literature indicates that imaging-derived features have been associated with HPV status, hypoxia-related signatures, extranodal extension and treatment outcomes. However, the current evidence base remains heterogeneous and is largely composed of retrospective, single-institution studies with relatively small cohorts. Methodological challenges, including variability in imaging acquisition, segmentation and feature harmonization, limit reproducibility and generalizability. Although cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is not used for primary OPSCC staging and no CBCT-based radiogenomic studies in OPSCC have been reported, existing radiomics research in dentomaxillofacial imaging suggests its potential as a hypothesis-generating modality for future investigation. Overall, current evidence supports the biological plausibility of radiogenomic imaging signatures in OPSCC, while emphasizing the need for larger multicenter datasets, standardized imaging protocols and prospective validation before clinical implementation.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming an increasingly important component of dentomaxillofacial radiology, with applications ranging from panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to magnetic resonance imaging, radiomics, and other emerging AI approaches. As AI studies become more methodologically complex, concerns regarding transparency, reproducibility, validation, and clinical applicability have also increased. Several reporting resources, including reporting guidelines, methodological quality assessment tools, and broader principles for trustworthy AI, have been developed to improve the quality and transparency of AI research. However, selecting the most appropriate resource remains challenging, particularly for studies that combine radiomics, predictive modeling, diagnostic accuracy assessment, segmentation, multimodal AI, and clinical validation. This specialty-oriented practical guide provides an overview of the main AI reporting resources and offers practical recommendations to support their selection and complementary use in dentomaxillofacial radiology. Common study designs, methodological challenges, and reporting considerations are discussed, together with practical guidance for readers and reviewers. The complementary roles of different reporting resources are illustrated through tables, decision aids, conceptual figures, and examples from the dentomaxillofacial imaging literature. By promoting more transparent and consistent reporting practices, this guide aims to support the development of more reproducible, clinically relevant, and trustworthy AI research in dentomaxillofacial radiology.

Introdução: Na endodontia os lasers de alta potência têm sido utilizados principalmente na desinfecção do sistema de canais radiculares em cirurgia parendodôntica.Objetivo: apresentar um caso clínico de cirurgia parendodôntica utilizando o laser de Er: YAG e apresentar as suas vantagens e desvantagens neste emprego.Metodologia: Neste caso, o dente 22 foi diagnosticado com abcesso periapical crônico. Realizou-se a cirurgia de acesso e o preparo químico-cirúrgico com NaOCl 2,5% e endo-PTC, irrigação final com EDTA-T, alternando com NaOCl 2,5% na quantidade de 3mL cada vez, ativando com PUI por 30” e por fim, a medicação intracanal com Ultracal. Mesmo na ausência de exsudato, não houve o fechamento da fístula, ficando o ápice exposto ao meio bucal, havendo então a necessidade da realização da cirurgia parendodôntica. Sendo assim, realizou-se a incisão semi-lunar com laser Er: YAG (200mJ, 3.0W, 15Hz e distância da ponta ativa do laser para o tecido em torno de 4mm), e na apicectomia (100 mJ, 1.0W, 10Hz, distância da ponta ativa do laser para a região operatória em torno de 4mm). Resultado: No presente caso clínico o uso do laser Er:YAG trouxe o benefício de proporcionar uma cirurgia com menor sangramento, além do reparo tecidual em menor tempo que o usual, cicatrização da fístula e o paciente não relatou dor, rubor e infamação no pós-operatórioConclusão: O laser de Er: YAG possui vantagens por proporcionar uma cirurgia com pouco sangramento, vaporizar o tecido de granulação remanescente, auxiliar na redução microbiana, realizar o corte da dentina sem aerosóis e sem deslocar a guta-percha, tendo como desvantagem a necessidade de maior tempo para cortar a dentina e o custo do equipamento.