The contact state between layers of asphalt pavement not only has a significant effect on the mechanical response of road structure but is also the bottleneck of research on the mechanical behavior of pavement structure at present. In this paper, the effects and laws of different water–salt entry modes, salt solution concentrations, and temperatures coupling on the contact state between base and surface layers are studied by a 45° inclined shear test. The simulation and verification of each working condition are carried out by ABAQUS (Dassault, Paris, France) the friction coefficient between layers is reversed, and the actual contact state between layers is characterized in order to realize comprehensive evaluation and reasonable expression. The results show that different modes have different effects on contact characteristics. At the same temperature and concentration of the salt solution, bonding of water and salt erosion is the best, followed by direct erosion, with the worst being from bottom to top, and the interlayer bonding condition is weakened with increase in temperature. The relative accuracy of the software simulation and test analysis was as high as 92% and the friction coefficient of the water-free salt erosion test piece was found to be about 0.85 at 25 °C, while after the bottom-up erosion of the 14% salt solution the friction coefficient was found to be about 0.43, which indicates that the corrosion of the water–salt will have a great effect on the bonding condition between the structural layers of the road.

The carbonation stabilization method combines the advantages of high efficiency, low carbon emissions, and low alkalinity, making it a green technology with broad application potential for soft soil stabilization. However, in the practice of carbonation stabilization of saline sludge, the impact of soluble salts on the carbonation stabilization system remains poorly understood. This study investigated the mechanical properties and microstructural mineral evolution of sulfate ion (SO₄²⁻) and chloride ion (Cl⁻) contaminated saline sludge after steel slag carbonation stabilization. The results indicate that the accumulation of Cl⁻ can lead to a significant deterioration in mechanical properties. We hypothesize that this strength reduction is not driven by the formation of chloride-containing expansive Friedel’s salt; instead, it may arise from the hygroscopic nature of chloride salts, which reduces matrix permeability, hinders CO₂ gas diffusion within the matrix and lowers carbonation efficiency. Notably, XRD and TG-DTG analyses identified no sulfate- or chloride-bearing crystalline phases (e.g., ettringite or Friedel’s salt). We attribute this phase absence to carbonation reactions competing for Ca(OH)₂ in the stabilized soil’s pore solution, thereby suppressing the crystallization of expansive salt compounds. These findings collectively demonstrate minimal chemical reactivity between the steel slag carbonation system and soluble salts, revealing an intrinsic resistance of carbonated steel slag to salt-induced deterioration.

Fixed indicator weights cannot fully capture changes in governance priorities as wind–sand hazards intensify. Using the Xinjiang section of the G30 Lianhuo Expressway as a case study, this study classified wind–sand events into three scenarios: warning and restricted traffic, high-risk traffic control and diversion, and extreme conditions with comprehensive rescue. A five-dimensional evaluation system containing 15 indicators was established. Scenario-specific weights were determined using the Best–Worst Method, while TOPSIS was applied to evaluate governance performance based on objective response records and independent text coding. The dominant dimensions across the three scenarios were risk monitoring and early warning, decision activation and traffic control, and rescue resources and coordination, with weights of 0.356, 0.392, and 0.421, respectively. The corresponding closeness coefficients were 0.577, 0.667, and 0.733. As hazard severity increased, governance priorities shifted from risk communication to traffic diversion, interdepartmental coordination, evacuation, medical assistance, and support for vulnerable groups. Compared with the fixed-weight model, the dynamic model improved the closeness coefficients by 0.029, 0.064, and 0.092. The results show that scenario-specific weighting can support staged response, resource allocation, and human safety protection on desert expressways.

Desert expressway corridors exposed to strong wind hazards often rely on single high-grade routes, with limited alternatives, high detour costs, and low network redundancy. These constraints make it difficult to maintain traffic operation resilience through route substitution alone. Taking the Hami–Tuyugou section of the G30 Lianhuo Expressway in Xinjiang, China, as a case study, this study investigates the formation and evaluation of traffic operation resilience in a wind-hazard-affected, low-redundancy desert expressway corridor. A hierarchical indicator system was constructed with four first-level, fourteen second-level, and thirty-one third-level indicators. Fuzzy DEMATEL(Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory)–ISM(Interpretive Structural Modeling) was used to identify causal relationships and hierarchical transmission paths; fuzzy DANP(DEMATEL-based Analytic Network Process)–AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) was applied to determine indicator weights; and a cloud model was employed to evaluate the overall resilience level. The results show that institutional adaptability, organizational learning, monitoring and information support, and multi-actor collaboration are the main upstream drivers. The corridor was evaluated as Grade IV, indicating a relatively high resilience level approaching Grade V. Sensitivity analyses confirm the robustness of the substantive conclusion. The findings suggest that, under low-redundancy conditions, resilience depends less on structural redundancy and more on adaptive governance, information support, and coordinated response.

Soil is prone to structural degradation under water infiltration, and the combined effects of dry density and salinity further complicate its hydraulic conductivity and drying shrinkage behavior. However, previous studies have primarily focused on single factors, and the interactive mechanisms between compaction state and salinity remain poorly understood. To investigate the hydraulic conductivity and drying shrinkage behavior of soil under different dry densities and salinity levels, this study examined three dry densities (1.30, 1.35, 1.45 g/cm³) and four NaCl contents (0, 0.5%, 2%, 6%). Saturated hydraulic conductivity (ks) and drying shrinkage were systematically measured. The results indicate that dry density is the primary factor controlling pore structure evolution, ks and drying shrinkage behavior. Increasing dry density markedly reduced porosity (up to 15.95%), ks (by 57.14–92.91%), and drying shrinkage. In contrast, salinity exhibited non-monotonic, density-dependent effects. Salts increased porosity through electrochemical interactions and crystallization-induced pore support, but their effects on ks and drying shrinkage displayed threshold and reversal behavior. These coupled effects demonstrate strong nonlinearity and density dependence, providing a mechanistic basis for compaction optimization and the stability assessment of soil under saline conditions.