The relation of antimullerian hormone (AMH) levels with the clinical and biochemical markers of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) could be different. A total of 463 PCOS patients were evaluated in this cross-sectional study. Groups were constructed according to polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) and menstrual cycle-length. The relation of serum AMH with androgenic hormones, menstrual cycle-length and clinical signs of PCOS were investigated. A powerful positive relation was found between the PCOM and AMH levels (odds ratio = 2.49). There was a negative correlation between age and AMH level (p < 0.001, r[correlation coefficent] = -0.155). Positive correlations were found between luteinizing hormone (LH) and AMH (p < 0.001, r = 0.25) and also between cycle length and AMH (p < 0.01, r = 0.27). We found a negative week correlation between AMH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (p = 0.01, r = -0.19). After controlling main androgenic hormones, AMH was found to be correlated with the Ferriman-Gallway score (p = 0.03, r = 0.18). There was a positive relationship between hirsutism and AMH (odds ratio = 1.43), but no correlation between AMH and other parameters of clinical hyperandrogenism like hair-loss, acne and seborrhea were identified. The strongest relation was presented between the AMH levels and PCOM. Also, cycle-length correlated well with the AMH levels. The relationship between hirsutism and AMH is found to be independent from androgenic hormones.

Background: Holmium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Ho:YAG) laser lithotripsy with ureteroscopy (URS) was a safe and successful treatment option for pediatric ureteral stones. We aimed to comparatively evaluate the outcomes of 15 and 30 W Ho:YAG laser lithotriptors in pediatric ureter stones. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 55 children who underwent ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy to treat ureter stone size up to 15 mm between September 2009 and March 2020. Groups were formed according to the laser lithotriptor power 15 W (Group 15: n = 32), 30 W (Group 30: n = 23). The efficiency of laser lithotriptors was compared between the groups. Results: The age, gender, and stone characteristics (longest stone diameter, density, location and multiple stones) were similar between the groups. In the postop first month, stone-free status was achieved in all cases except one child in Group 15. The median operative time was significantly shorter in Group 30 (40 minutes) than in Group 15 (52.5 minutes) ( P = .010). Clavien–Dindo class (CDC) 2 complications occurred in 2 children in both groups ( P = .597). Although ureteric stenosis was observed in 1 patient in Group 15, no ureteric stenosis was seen in Group 30 during follow-up (median 16.1 months). Length of hospital stay (LoHS) and stone-free rates were similar between groups. Conclusion: URS with 15 and 30 W Ho:YAG laser lithotriptors is an effective treatment option for pediatric ureteral stones with a high success rate and low complication rates. In brief, 30 W Ho:YAG laser lithotriptors should be preferred over 15 W lithotriptors due to their shorter operative time with similar success rate.

The presence of positive surgical margins after radical prostatectomy is a well-established adverse prognostic factor. While some of these patients experience an aggressive clinical course, others do not. Making decisions about adjuvant or salvage treatment after positive surgical margins is particularly challenging. To better address this challenge, we present the results of a risk stratification model developed through detailed analysis of tumor characteristics at the surgical margin. We retrospectively analyzed 63 patients with positive surgical margins after radical prostatectomy who had no lymph node involvement and had not received neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy. The BEUN risk score integrates four pathologic features: number of positive foci, total margin extent, Gleason score at the margin, and concordance between margin and specimen grade. Based on the total score, patients were stratified into three risk categories: low risk (3–5 points), moderate risk (6–8 points), and high risk (9–12 points). Cox regression analysis identified predictors of biochemical recurrence-free survival (BRFS) and clinical progression-free survival (CPFS). Survival analyses across risk groups were performed using the Kaplan–Meier method. Biochemical recurrence occurred in 20 patients (32%) and clinical progression in 20 patients (32%). On multivariate analysis, the BEUN risk score independently predicted both BRFS (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.08–1.40, p = 0.002) and CPFS (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.06–1.54, p = 0.010). High-risk patients had a 4.7-fold higher hazard of biochemical recurrence (p = 0.001) and a 5.3-fold higher hazard of clinical progression (p = 0.011) compared with low-risk patients. Five-year BRFS rates were 58.8%, 24.1%, and 5.9% for low-, moderate-, and high-risk groups, respectively (p < 0.001). The BEUN risk score is an independent predictor of BRFS and CPFS. This tool may provide additional support for postoperative risk stratification in patients with positive surgical margins. Not applicable. This study is a retrospective observational cohort study and does not meet the criteria for clinical trial registration. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12893-026-03683-9.