Energy crisis and solid waste management have remained challenging issues for authorities in Pakistan. These issues tend to rise with increasing population and economic growth of the society. Therefore, environmentally sustainable waste‐to‐energy program must be part of the waste management system since they may substitute fossil fuels with renewable energy sources by enabling energy recovery instead of landfill of solid wastes. In this work, the combustion characteristics of fossil fuel (coal) and solid wastes such as municipal solid waste (MSW) and refuse‐derived fuel (RDF) were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to compare their thermal decomposition behavior. Furthermore, proximate and ultimate analyses of these samples were carried out along with their heating values. The TGA profiles of samples indicate low reactivity of coal, whereas solid wastes present greater reaction rate reflecting their low ash and high volatile contents. It was found that the heating value of RDF sample was close to that of coal. The obtained thermal data were used to calculate the kinetic parameters using Arrhenius and Coats‐Redfern models with different reaction mechanisms. According to these models, the fuels could be arranged in order of activation energy as coal > RDF > MSW. The percentage difference between activation energy values found from Arrhenius and Coats‐Redfern models was in the range of 4.1%‐26.5%. However, the Coats‐Redfern model exhibited consistency in activation energy values, followed by a high value of R². These results of the TGA could be very helpful to predict the combustion dynamics and confirm that MSW and RDF may be used as sustainable fuels, to meet the prevailing challenges of the energy crisis and solid waste management.

Cirsimaritin is a dimethoxy flavone, which is present in Ocimum sanctum, Microtea debilis, Artemisia judaica, Cirsium japonicum, and Lithocarpus dealbatus. Its antiproliferative potential has been explored in breast and gall bladder cancer cell lines. However, no reports are available on skin and squamous lung carcinoma. Also, the complete mode of action is unknown. Therefore, in the present study, the anticancer potential of cirsimaritin is explored in organ-specific cell lines by using MTT assay. Further, the inhibitory potential and binding interaction with the selected targets were analyzed through in vitro and in-silico analysis. Cirsimaritin showed selective anticancer activity against NCIH-520 cell-line (IC₅₀ 23.29 µM), also inhibited the proliferation of other cell-lines up to 48% at 100µM. In NCIH-520 cell-line, cirsimaritin significantly increased the apoptosis of the cells at both the tested concentrations (10 and 100 µM), which was confirmed by Annexin-V signifying the induction of late apoptosis. Besides, an increase in the ROS levels of 1.6 fold (10 µM) and 1.8 fold (100 µM), circimaritin also inhibits the activity of ODC and CATD with the IC₅₀ 57.30 and 68.22 µM respectively. It exhibited a good binding score with the selected targets, follow Lipinski's rule of five and non-mutagenic. Hence, cirsimaritin is a potent molecule, which inhibits the proliferation of lung squamous cell lines by inducing apoptosis. It also inhibited the activity of ODC and CATD responsible for the progression phase in the cancer cells.

In this research, a computational study is carried out to describe the insertion of a vital monomer, methyl 2-acetamidoacrylate (MAAA), into catalyst A (A = [(PO^OMe,OMe)PdMe]) (PO^OMe,OMe = 2[2-MeOC₆H₄](2-SO₃-5-MeC₆H₄)P).