This study empirically isolates the marginal CO₂ abatement efficiency of wind and solar power within the Greek electricity system, utilizing hourly dispatch data from August 2012 to December 2018—a period characterizing the grid’s “pre-saturation” technical potential. By employing an econometric framework to capture ex-post displacement dynamics, we identify a statistically significant but highly heterogeneous abatement impact across renewable technologies. Our analysis reveals that wind power consistently achieves higher carbon savings per MWh than solar photovoltaics, primarily by driving deeper displacement of carbon-intensive thermal baseload. Conversely, solar generation exhibits a stronger propensity to displace zero-carbon hydroelectric output and net imports, thereby dampening its domestic abatement efficiency. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the marginal emissions avoided are non-linear, fluctuating significantly with system load, interconnection flows, and renewable penetration levels. These findings establish an “unconstrained efficiency” benchmark for the Greek grid, providing the necessary counterfactual to evaluate the diminishing returns and curtailment penalties characterizing the high-penetration era of renewables.

This study examines the relevance of economic knowledge among lawyers, based on a survey of Greek law professionals. The econometric results unveil a gap between the perceived usefulness and adequacy of economics literacy by lawyers. We argue that graduate studies in economics increase perceived competence, while self-employed practice is less beneficial. The findings survive robustness checks when we account for demographic characteristics. Lastly, the empirical analysis underscores the value of continued education and the impact of professional business experience in deepening lawyers' understanding of economics.