The escalating global burden of infectious diseases necessitates the development of innovative strategies to curb their spread. Given that most pathogens reside within host cells, intracellular drug delivery has emerged as a promising avenue for formulation research and therapeutic intervention. Conventional drug delivery approaches, although extensive, pose challenges in achieving the effective concentration of the drug in the intracellular compartment. In contrast, lipid- and polymer-based nanoparticles offer distinct advantages, including enhanced cellular uptake, improved bioavailability, and superior therapeutic efficacy. This review provides a brief overview of the various lipid- and polymer-based nanocarriers and the recent advancements in their method of preparation for large-scale production. Furthermore, it explores key challenges associated with intracellular targeting and discusses future prospects for translating nanotechnology-driven carriers from laboratory research to clinical application.

Pluronics are synthetic, amphiphilic triblock copolymers consisting of hydrophilic polyethylene oxide (PEO) segments and hydrophobic polypropylene oxide (PPO) segments arranged in a PEO–PPO–PEO configuration. Owing to their amphiphilic nature, these polymers can spontaneously organize or associate with other components to generate micellar nanocarriers, supporting diverse applications across pharmaceutical and related fields. Their favorable properties, including biocompatibility, low toxicity, biodegradability, and efficient micelle formation, make them particularly attractive for drug delivery systems. Furthermore, chemical or biological modification of Pluronics can introduce stimuli‐responsive characteristics, facilitating controlled, sustained, and site‐specific drug release. This review summarizes the structural attributes, classifications, and synthesis approaches of Pluronics, and discusses the use of Pluronic‐based micelles for drug and gene delivery across multiple administration routes, including oral, topical, ocular, brain, pulmonary, and tumor‐targeted systems, with emphasis on both in vitro and in vivo evaluations.