This paper presents main physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of the spring water on the territory of Belgrade city (Serbia) and estimates t

International trade drives expansion and development, significantly contributing to national productivity and job creation. The aim of this research is to investigate four groups of factors that act as independent variables and their impact on the export performance of SMEs as the dependent variable. This study examines critical elements shaping the global trade success of small businesses and medium-sized enterprises, with export revenue as the dependent variable. A sample of 342 Serbian enterprises, primarily exporters, was surveyed through an online questionnaire conducted at the end of 2024, in collaboration with the Serbian Association of Employers. The survey targeted business owners and managers, who provided their assessments using a Likert scale on 12 statements related to four predefined research variables, focusing on factors influencing SME export propensity, with a particular emphasis on gender. The findings, with contingency table analysis, indicate that internal factors, such as the implementation of new technologies and organizational adaptability, exert the greatest influence on export performance, along with all external factors examined. Additionally, company size was found to have a significant impact on export revenue. Regarding gender, the study assessed the role of female-owned SMEs and found that they are less likely to engage in export activities. The results align with existing academic literature, suggesting that female-owned SMEs face systemic disadvantages due to smaller firm size, limited managerial capacity, resource constraints, and insufficient market knowledge. Consequently, gender was not identified as a significant direct determinant of SME export performance and revenue. These research findings contribute to the literature on SME internationalization, digitalization, organizational change, gender issues, and women's entrepreneurship. Furthermore, they offer valuable insights for feminist economic studies and policy discussions aimed at supporting female entrepreneurs.

To assess the impact of employee e-readiness on companies operating in international markets and their adoption of e-commerce, a survey was conducted with a sample of 154 Serbian SME exporters in collaboration with the Serbian Association of Employers at the end of 2024. The online questionnaire examined how employee e-readiness influences SMEs’ willingness to engage in exports, particularly through e-commerce. Seven factors of employee e-readiness were identified as independent variables, while eight factors related to e-commerce application in international trade were defined as dependent variables. Business owners and managers, the targeted respondents, evaluated these statements using a Likert scale. The results revealed a significant impact and strong interrelation between the variables, with digital competency and technology adaptability identified as key factors influencing e-commerce adoption in international trade. Additionally, global market access, online marketplaces, and channel access were recognized as crucial factors for international trade success. The findings of this study contribute to the literature on internationalization, network effects, cost efficiency, and institutional frameworks, offering valuable insights for SMEs seeking to leverage e-commerce in the global marketplace.

This study explores the effects of leadership and human capital on supply chain resilience under conditions of global market turbulence. Conducted in Serbia between April and June 2025 with the support of the Employers’ Association, the research involved 382 exporters and producers. Data were collected via a 5-point Likert questionnaire and analyzed through multiple regressions. Findings reveal that effective leadership significantly supports the improvement of supply chain robustness and responsiveness, even amidst market disruptions. The study underscores the value of adaptive leadership in strengthening risk management and dynamic capabilities within global supply networks.