Boron-doped zinc oxide sheet-spheres were synthesized on PET–ITO flexible substrates using a hydrothermal method at 90 °C for 5 h. The results of X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that the B atoms were successfully doped into the ZnO lattice, the incorporation of B led to an increase in the lattice constant of ZnO and a change in its internal stress. The growth mechanism of pure ZnO nanorods and B-doped ZnO sheet-spheres was specifically investigated. The as-prepared BZO/PET–ITO heterojunction possessed obvious rectification properties and its positive turn-on voltage was 0.4 V. The carrier transport mechanisms involved three models such as hot carrier tunneling theory, tunneling recombination, and series-resistance effect were explored. The BZO/PET–ITO nanostructures were more effective than pure ZnO to degrade the RY 15, and the degradation rate reached 41.45%. The decomposition process with BZO nanostructure followed first-order reaction kinetics. The photocurrent and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that the B-doping could promote the separation of photo-generated electron-hole pairs, which was beneficial to enhance the photocatalytic activity. The photocurrent density of B-doped and pure ZnO/PET–ITO were 0.055 mA/cm² and 0.016 mA/cm², respectively. The photocatalytic mechanism of the sample was analyzed by the energy band theory.

The NiV-LDH@FeOOH heterostructures exhibit an extremely low overpotential of ∼297 mV at 100 mA cm⁻² current output, and excellent long-term durability.

Electrode materials are the key to the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. This study reports the electrochemical properties of V₂O₅ supercapacitors. V₂O₅ nanosheets with different morphologies were prepared by controlling the solvent under a facile hydrothermal method. The phase and the morphology of the samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical properties of V₂O₅ nanosheets with different morphologies were studied by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The charge transfers resistance decreases from 3.2 Ω of V₂O₅ particles to 2.0 Ω of V₂O₅ nanosheets. V₂O₅ nanosheets exhibit higher specific capacity (375 F g⁻¹) than V₂O₅ particles (318 F g⁻¹) in K₂SO₄ solution. The cycling capacity retention keeps 96.8% for 1000 cycles at 0.5 A g⁻¹ in K₂SO₄ solution, indicating better cycling stability.