Background/Objectives: Neonatal early-onset sepsis (EOS) is a life-threatening condition, and numerous efforts have been invested in identifying the most promising biomarkers for its detection. In this prospective cohort study, we aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy and optimal cut-off values of procalcitonin (PCT), presepsin, endocan, and interleukin (IL)-6 determined from the neonatal serum (0–12, 24–48, and 72–96 h), and umbilical blood cord for the diagnosis of EOS. Methods: A total of 122 patients were included in this study and were divided into two groups: group 1 (sepsis, n = 68 patients) and group 2 (without sepsis, n = 54 patients). Maternal and neonatal characteristics were assessed using descriptive statistics. Logistic regressions were used to evaluate the association between various biomarkers and the presence of EOS and to adjust for potential confounders. Using sensitivity analysis and Youden’s index from the ROC curve, the biomarkers’ diagnostic accuracy and optimal cut-off values were obtained. Results: PCT at 0–12 and 24–48 h of life exhibited the best diagnostic performance, with sensitivities (Ses) of 75% and 76.5% and specificities (Sps) above 74%. Presepsin demonstrated excellent performance at 24–48 h, with Ses of 68.42%, and Sps of 88.89%. IL-6 and endocan achieved modest results for the detection of EOS. Conclusions: PCT and presepsin measured at early neonatal timepoints demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy and favorable sensitivity–specificity balance for predicting EOS.

Background/Objectives: This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of cervical cytology, CINtec^® (p16/Ki-67 dual staining), and PD-L1 immunohistochemistry, individually and in combination with high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) testing, for identifying histologically confirmed cervical lesions ranging from CIN1 to invasive carcinoma. Methods: We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study including 114 patients who underwent cervical cytology, CINtec^®, PD-L1 staining, HPV genotyping, and histopathologic confirmation at a tertiary clinical center between September 2024 and September 2025. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and ROC performance were calculated for each test across lesion categories. Multivariable logistic regression models incorporating HR-HPV status were used to assess added predictive value. Results: All tests showed poor performance for CIN1 (cytology AUC 0.488; CINtec^® 0.374; PD-L1 0.366). Diagnostic accuracy improved markedly with lesion severity. For CIN3, CINtec^® demonstrated the highest discriminative ability (AUC 0.826), with cytology and PD-L1 also performing well (AUC 0.820 and 0.753). Cytology achieved the strongest ROC performance for CIN2+ (AUC 0.937), CIN3+ (0.913), and invasive carcinoma (0.887). PD-L1 consistently showed lower accuracy across categories. Cytology + HR-HPV demonstrated the highest AUC across all lesion categories. Conclusions: Cytology and CINtec^® exhibited strong diagnostic accuracy for high-grade lesions, while PD-L1 showed limited utility as an independent screening marker. Combining cytology with HR-HPV testing enhanced predictive performance across all lesion categories. These findings support the continued use of cytology-based triage and highlight CINtec^® as a valuable adjunct for high-grade disease detection. Because this study used a high-prevalence referral cohort, specificity may be overestimated and not representative of population-based screening.

Background: Gossypiboma is an uncommon postoperative complication caused by the retention of surgical materials, most frequently sponges, and is associated with substantial morbidity and medicolegal consequences. Despite a reduction in reported incidence, diagnosis remains challenging due to its nonspecific clinical presentation. Case Presentation: We present the case of a 36-year-old woman who presented with a one-week history of throbbing abdominal pain in the umbilical and left lumbar regions, associated with fetid leukorrhea. Her medical history included an appendectomy, a recent cesarean section performed two months prior, and pregnancy-induced hypertension. Initial computed tomography revealed bilateral subcutaneous and intra-abdominal collections with air bubbles and hyperdense linear structures, raising suspicion of abdominal abscesses. Gynecological evaluation excluded pelvic inflammatory pathology. Exploratory laparotomy identified bilateral pseudotumoral masses with complex adhesions involving intestinal loops and omentum, without evidence of gynecologic infection, prompting transfer to a tertiary care center. Repeat imaging confirmed bilateral flank abscesses. Surgical reintervention revealed retained surgical sponges within both abscess cavities, which were successfully removed, followed by evacuation, lavage, and drainage. Postoperative evolution was favorable under broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, with complete clinical and biological recovery. Conclusions: This case highlights the diagnostic challenge of gossypiboma, particularly when mimicking intra-abdominal abscesses or adhesion syndromes. A high index of suspicion is required in patients with prior surgical history and atypical postoperative presentations, as early recognition and prompt surgical management are essential to reduce morbidity and medicolegal consequences.

Surgical emergencies in patients with hemophilia A represent a major risk of mortality without proper multidisciplinary management and require prompt and effective treatment to prevent complications and improve patient outcomes. We present a short number of cases that were hospitalized in the I–II Surgery Clinic of the Emergency County Hospital “St. Spiridon” from Iasi, Romania, with hemophilia A requiring surgical emergencies. The timing of surgical intervention is very important, so the indication for surgical intervention must be made judiciously and without delay. Consequently, it is vital to ensure access to hemostatic support so surgery can be performed on these patients, ultimately saving their lives.

Background: Zenker’s diverticulum arises from the posterior hypopharyngeal wall through Killian’s dehiscence and predominantly affects older adults. Surgical and endoscopic treatments may be complicated by adverse events, including recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, cervical emphysema, mediastinitis, and pharyngoesophageal fistula formation. Methods: We report the case of a 69-year-old male who underwent open surgical treatment for Zenker’s diverticulum and subsequently developed an upper esophageal fistula complicated by a retroesophageal abscess. Results: The patient was treated using an externally adapted endoluminal vacuum-assisted closure system (EndoVAC), which enabled continuous drainage, local lavage, and progressive closure of the esophageal defect. Conclusions: Endo-VAC therapy represents a safe and minimally invasive therapeutic option for the management of postoperative esophageal fistulas following Zenker’s diverticulum surgery and may reduce the need for extensive esophageal reconstruction.