To assess the inflammatory adverse reactions of vocal fold injection laryngoplasty with hyaluronic acid. This study was a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent vocal fold injection augmentation with HA injection from January 2005 to September 2016 in nine different institutions. Demographic data, indication for injection, injection techniques, types of injection material used, settings of procedure, and complications were reviewed. The types of complication, onset time, and management of complications were also noted. In all, 467 patients were identified. The majority of patients had been injected under general anesthesia (n = 382, 84.7%). For injection material, two different types of hyaluronic acid were used: hyaluronic acid alone or hyaluronic acid with dextranomer. Complications occurred in nine patients (1.9%). The majority of complications were inflammatory reactions (n = 7, 1.47 %). Main symptoms were dysphonia and/or dyspnea with an onset of 0 h to 3 weeks after the hyaluronic acid injection. Three patients were hospitalized, one of which was also intubated and observed in the intensive care unit for 24 hour. Systemic steroids and antibiotics were the main medical treatment in the majority of cases. There was no statistical difference in complication rates between patients who received hyaluronic acid and those who received hyaluronic acid with dextranomer (p = 0.220). hyaluronic acid with can be considered as a safe substance for the injection of vocal folds with a low risk of inflammatory reaction.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a malignant epithelial tumor of the salivary glands. It accounts for less than 1% of all head and neck cancers and less than 10% of all salivary gland neoplasms. It shows slow and indolent growth rate, low probability of regional nodal metastases, high propensity for perineural invasion, multiple and/or delayed recurrences and high incidence of distant metastases. It is the most frequently encountered malignant tumor of the minor salivary glands. The oral cavity and the oropharynx are the most common sites followed by the parotid, submandibular gland, paranasal sinuses, larynx, trachea, and pharynx, in frequency order. In this report an adenoid cystic carcinoma of oral cavity localized in the left palatine tonsil and right peritonsillar tissue was presented.

Objective: This observational, cross-sectional simulation study evaluated ChatGPT-4 as a postoperative information tool for rhinoplasty using standardized questions and blinded ENT specialist ratings. Study Design: This study is an observational, cross-sectional simulation study using blinded expert evaluation. Setting: We used an online Artificial Intelligence (AI) platform accessed under standardized conditions. Methods: Ten typical recovery questions were posed to ChatGPT-4, and the responses were independently rated by ENT specialists for accuracy, clarity, relevance, response time, and patient-centered communication. Responses were also assessed with a structured performance instrument and supported by linguistic and statistical analyses. Results: ChatGPT-4 achieved high scores for accuracy (90%, 95% CI: 84.9–95.1) and clarity (87%, 95% CI: 82.8–91.2), but lower performance in patient-centered communication (77%, 95% CI: 74.0–80.0). Specialist scoring confirmed structured medical reasoning, while machine learning analyses highlighted clarity, diagnostic depth, and empathy as key contributors to higher ratings. Conclusions: ChatGPT-4 demonstrated high clinician-rated accuracy and clarity when answering standardized postoperative rhinoplasty questions, while patient-centered communication remained comparatively lower. These findings suggest that LLM-based tools may complement clinician-delivered postoperative counseling under appropriate oversight, but they are not a substitute for individualized medical advice or surgical follow-up.

Carcinoma of the thyroid gland is one of the most commonly encountered endocrine malignancies. Papillary carcinoma is the most common histological type, and its spread is usually lymphatic. About 30-80% patients with papillary carcinoma develop lymphatic metastases. We present here the case of a 70-year-old female patient who had undergone total thyroidectomy 10 years previously, with a histological diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. A neck dissection was performed ten years after the primary operation due to a mass in the parapharyngeal space and hypopharynx. The mass was diagnosed histologically as papillary thyroid cancer metastasis after the operation. Lymphatic and vascular metastases of papillary thyroid carcinoma separately to the parapharyngeal space and hypopharynx have rarely been reported. In our case, both hypopharyngeal and parapharyngeal space involvement were presented, which is a very rare condition.