Context: The prevalence of periodontitis in Indonesia is still high. The main bacteria causing periodontitis is Porphyromonas gingivalis, which causes direct damage to periodontal tissue and triggers various immune responses through the NF-B signaling pathway, producing pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) extract might be useful as an anti-inflammatory by inhibiting the NF-B signaling pathway and PGE-2 biosynthesis by suppressing COX-2. Aims: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of fractionated ethanol extract of Z. officinale by observing NF-B and PGE-2 levels in periodontitis model rats. Methods: 90 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: negative control group, positive control group (ibuprofen dose 10 mg/kg BW), and treatment group (Z. officinale dose 10, 50, 100 mg/kg BW), which were observed on the 3rd, 5th, and 7th day. Induction of P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 2 × 106 CFU in 30 µL PBS using a 0.5 mL syringe in the gingival sulcus on the mesial of the mandibular central incisor was carried out once every three days for two weeks. 6 rats from each group were sacrificed on 3rd, 5th, and 7th day after treatment. The gingival tissue of the mandibular central incisor was excised for ELISA examination to determine the levels of NF-B and PGE-2. Results: The Two-Way ANOVA analysis showed that fractionated ethanol extract of Z. officinale significantly reduced levels of NF-B (p=0.000) and PGE-2 (p=0.000) in all groups. Conclusions: Fractionated ethanol extract of Z. officinale has anti-inflammatory potential by reducing NF-B levels at a dose of 10 mg/kg BW and PGE-2 levels at 100 mg/kg BW on day 5 in periodontitis model rats.

Ameloblastoma (AM) is a common locally invasive benign odontogenic tumor in Asian populations. Although fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) mutations have been reported in AM, FGFR2 amplification, the predominant form of FGFR2 aberration in human cancers, remains unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate FGFR2 protein expression, FGFR2 gene copy number variations, and their associations with demographic and clinico-radio-pathological parameters in mandibular AM. Eighty-seven cases of mandibular AM and 10 dental follicle (DF) specimens were included. FGFR2 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry, and gene copy number variations were analyzed using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique. Clinical data, including age, gender, tumor size, radiographic features, histological subtype, and recurrence history, were examined for associations with FGFR2 alterations. FGFR2 protein overexpression was observed in 95.4% of AM cases and was not significantly associated with demographic or clinico-radio-pathological variables. FGFR2 gene amplification was detected in 52.5% of cases, while 8.2% showed gene deletion. Notably, 50.8% of cases exhibited concurrent FGFR2 amplification and overexpression, and all cases with FGFR2 gene deletion also demonstrated FGFR2 overexpression. These findings suggest that FGFR2 gene amplification and deletion may contribute to FGFR2 overexpression and play a significant role in the molecular pathogenesis of mandibular AM.

Antibacterial and Antivirulence Effects of Kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) on Streptococcus intermedius - JOOO- Print ISSN No: - 2395-6186 Online ISSN No:- 2395-6194 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.jooo.2024.007, Journal of Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology-J Oral Med Oral Surg Oral Pat

Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is a common oral mucosal condition that adversely affects patients’ quality of life. Although its exact etiology remains unclear, current management primarily focuses on symptomatic relief and promotion of ulcer healing. This randomized, double-blind, controlled trial aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of HATAKABB® Anti-Cough Mouth Spray (HTK) with 0.1% Triamcinolone Acetonide Mouth Spray (TA) in patients with RAS. A total of 64 participants were randomly assigned to receive either HTK or TA three times daily for 7 days. Outcome measures included ulcer size, pain intensity assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS), healing time, and salivary tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels, evaluated at baseline and after treatment. Baseline characteristics did not differ significantly between groups (P > 0.05). Both treatments resulted in significant reductions in ulcer size after 7 days (P < 0.001). Between-group comparison showed a greater reduction in ulcer size in the HTK group, and non-inferiority analysis confirmed that HTK was not inferior to TA in reducing ulcer size. No significant differences were observed between groups in healing time or VAS scores. Salivary TNF-α levels were significantly reduced in TA after treatment (P < 0.001), and the reduction in TNF-α (ΔTNF-α) was significantly greater in TA than HTK (P = 0.013), consistent with the known anti-inflammatory mechanism of corticosteroids. In conclusion, HTK may represent an effective non-steroidal topical alternative for reducing ulcer size in patients with RAS, particularly for individuals seeking options other than corticosteroid therapy.

Background: Caries is a multifactorial disease that often occurs in the oral cavity and can be caused by Streptococcus mutans. Various ways have been done to reduce the number of Streptococcus mutans, one of them is by exposing them to a material agent such as silver-ion water. Silver-ion water has been recognized as an effective material for inhibiting several pathogenic bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Thus, there is a possibility that silver-ion water can be used to reduce the number of bacteria that cause dental caries, such as Streptococcus mutans. Purpose: To determine the effect of silver ion water on the growth of Streptococcus mutans. Methods: This research is an experimental laboratory study (in vitro) with a control group post-test-only design. Streptococcus mutans were exposed to 0-15 ppm silver-ion water on Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHIB) media, then Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were observed. Results: Silver-ion water with a concentration of 12.5 ppm was determined as MIC, and silver-ion water with a concentration of 15 ppm as MBC. Conclusion: Silver ion water is adequate as an antibacterial material in inhibiting (12.5 ppm) and killing (15 ppm) Streptococcus mutans.