Combined ATLAS and CMS measurements of the Higgs boson production and decay rates, as well as constraints on its couplings to vector bosons and fermions, are presented. The combination is based on the analysis of five production processes, namely gluon fusion, vector boson fusion, and associated production with a W or a Z boson or a pair of top quarks, and of the six decay modes H → ZZ, W W , γγ, ττ, bb, and μμ. All results are reported assuming a value of 125.09 GeV for the Higgs boson mass, the result of the combined measurement by the ATLAS and CMS experiments. The analysis uses the CERN LHC proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS and CMS experiments in 2011 and 2012, corresponding to integrated luminosities per experiment of approximately 5 fb−1 at s√=7s=7 TeV and 20 fb−1 at s√=8s=8 TeV. The Higgs boson production and decay rates measured by the two experiments are combined within the context of three generic parameterisations: two based on cross sections and branching fractions, and one on ratios of coupling modifiers. Several interpretations of the measurements with more model-dependent parameterisations are also given. The combined signal yield relative to the Standard Model prediction is measured to be 1.09 ± 0.11. The combined measurements lead to observed significances for the vector boson fusion production process and for the H → ττ decay of 5.4 and 5.5 standard deviations, respectively. The data are consistent with the Standard Model predictions for all parameterisations considered.BMWF and FWF ; FNRS and FWO ; CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP ; MEYS ; CERN ; CAS, MoST, and NSFC ; COLCIENCIAS ; MSES ; RPF ; MoER, SF0690030s09 and ERDF ; Academy of Finland, MEC, and HIP ; CEA and CNRS/IN2P3 ; BMBF, DFG, and HGF ; GSRT ; OTKA and NKTH ; DAE and DST ; IPM ; SFI ; INFN ; NRF and WCU ; LAS ; CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI ; MSI ; PAEC ; MSHE and NSC ; FCT ; JINR ; MSTD ; SEIDI and CPAN ; Swiss Funding Agencies ; NSC ; ThEPCenter, IPST and NSTDA ; TUBITAK and TAEK ; NASU ; STFC ; DOE and NSF ; the Marie-Curie programme and the European Research Council and EPLANET ; the Leventis Foundation ; the A.P. Sloan Foundation ; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation ; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office ; the Fonds pour la Formation à la Recherche dans l’Industrie et dans l’Agriculture ; the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie ; the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of Czech Republic ; the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India ; the Compagnia di San Paolo ; the HOMING PLUS programme of Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced by EU, Regional Development Fund ; and the Thalis and Aristeia programmes cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF ; CSIR ; BSF, GIF, and Minerva ; BRF ; the HOMING PLUS programme of the FPS, co-financed from the EU Regional Development und, the Mobility Plus programme of the MSHE, and the OPUS programme of the NSC ; the NPRP by Qatar NRF ; Generalitat de Catalunya, Generalitat Valenciana, and the Programa Clar´ın-COFUND del Principado de Asturias ; the achadapisek Sompot Fund for Postdoctoral Fellowship, Chulalongkorn University, and the Chulalongkorn Academic into Its 2nd Century Project Advancement Project ; the Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust ; the A. P. Sloan Foundation and the Welch Foundation

New sets of parameters (“tunes”) for the underlying-event (UE) modelling of the pythia8, pythia6 and herwig++Monte Carlo event generators are constructed using different parton distribution...

Identified charged-particle spectra of ${\pi }^{\pm }$, $K^{\pm }$, $p$, and $\overline{p}$ at midrapidity ($\left|y\right|<0.1$) measured by the $\mathit{dE}/\mathit{dx}$ method in the STAR (solenoidal tracker at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider) time projection chamber are reported for $\mathit{pp}$ and $d+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathit{NN}}}=200$ GeV and for $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions at 62.4, 130, and 200 GeV. Average transverse momenta, total particle production, particle yield ratios, strangeness, and baryon production rates are investigated as a function of the collision system and centrality. The transverse momentum spectra are found to be flatter for heavy particles than for light particles in all collision systems; the effect is more prominent for more central collisions. The extracted average transverse momentum of each particle species follows a trend determined by the total charged-particle multiplicity density. The Bjorken energy density estimate is at least several GeV/${\mathrm{fm}}^3$ for a formation time less than 1 fm/$c$. A significantly larger net-baryon density and a stronger increase of the net-baryon density with centrality are found in $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions at 62.4 GeV than at the two higher energies. Antibaryon production relative to total particle multiplicity is found to be constant over centrality, but increases with the collision energy. Strangeness production relative to total particle multiplicity is similar at the three measured RHIC energies. Relative strangeness production increases quickly with centrality in peripheral $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions, to a value about 50% above the $\mathit{pp}$ value, and remains rather constant in more central collisions. Bulk freeze-out properties are extracted from thermal equilibrium model and hydrodynamics-motivated blast-wave model fits to the data. Resonance decays are found to have little effect on the extracted kinetic freeze-out parameters because of the transverse momentum range of our measurements. The extracted chemical freeze-out temperature is constant, independent of collision system or centrality; its value is close to the predicted phase-transition temperature, suggesting that chemical freeze-out happens in the vicinity of hadronization and the chemical freeze-out temperature is universal despite the vastly different initial conditions in the collision systems. The extracted kinetic freeze-out temperature, while similar to the chemical freeze-out temperature in $\mathit{pp}$, $d+\mathrm{Au}$, and peripheral $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions, drops significantly with centrality in $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions, whereas the extracted transverse radial flow velocity increases rapidly with centrality. There appears to be a prolonged period of particle elastic scatterings from chemical to kinetic freeze-out in central $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions. The bulk properties extracted at chemical and kinetic freeze-out are observed to evolve smoothly over the measured energy range, collision systems, and collision centralities.