Background/Objectives: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) remains a major cause of maternal morbidity. This study aimed to describe the clinical, ultrasonographic and histopathological features of EP, including changes following methotrexate (MTX) therapy. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 60 patients diagnosed with EP between 2018 and 2024. Clinical characteristics, serum β-hCG (beta-human chorionic gonadotropin) dynamics, treatment type, site-specific ultrasonographic features, and histopathological aspects were evaluated. Results: Extrauterine EPs accounted for 63.3% of cases, predominantly tubal ectopic pregnancy (T-EP), while uterine ectopic pregnancy represented 33.3%, including cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) in 20%. Heterotopic pregnancy was identified in 3.3%. T-EP most frequently required surgical management, whereas MTX was effective in selected T-EP and CSP cases, as demonstrated by a ≥ 15% decline in serum β-hCG levels at 7 days. Transvaginal ultrasonography (TVUS) enabled accurate site-specific localization of ectopic implantation. Histopathological evaluation confirmed ectopic implantation and MTX-related changes in treated cases. Conclusions: Integrating clinical findings, β-hCG dynamics, and targeted TVUS allows accurate diagnosis and individualized management of EP, with histopathology providing definitive confirmation and insight into treatment-related changes.

Background/Objectives: Miscarriage is an increasingly common event worldwide arising from various factors, and identifying its etiology is important for planning and managing any future pregnancies. It is estimated that about half of early pregnancy loss cases are caused by genetic abnormalities, while a significantly lower rate is found in late pregnancy loss. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) can detect small changes within a gene with precise breakpoints at the level of a single exon. The aim of our study was to identify the rate of copy number variations (CNVs) in spontaneous pregnancy loss samples after having previously tested them via quantitative fluorescence PCR (QF-PCR), with no abnormal findings. Methods: DNA was extracted from product-of-conception tissue samples, followed by the use of an MLPA kit for the detection of 31 microdeletion/microduplication syndromes (SALSA^® MLPA^® Probemix P245 Microdeletion Syndromes-1A, MRC-Holland, Amsterdam, The Netherlands). Results: A total of 11 (13.1%) out of the 84 successfully tested samples showed CNVs. Duplications accounted for 9.5% of the analyzed samples (eight cases), while heterozygous or hemizygous deletions were present in three cases (3.6%). Among all the detected CNVs, only three were certainly pathogenic (3.6%), with two deletions associated with DiGeorge-2 syndrome and Rett syndrome, respectively, and a 2q23.1 microduplication syndrome, all detected in early pregnancy loss samples. For the remaining cases, additional genetic tests (e.g., aCGH/SNP microarray) are required to establish CNV size and gene content and therefore their pathogenicity. Conclusions: MLPA assays seem to have limited value in detecting supplementary chromosomal abnormalities in miscarriages.

Background/Objectives: Medico-legal preparedness is relevant throughout dental education because awareness develops before independent clinical responsibility is assumed. This study examined malpractice awareness, self-perceived preparedness, legal awareness and defensive-practice tendencies among Romanian dental students, residents and dentists. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between May and June 2026 among 176 participants from the Faculty of Dentistry and its associated professional community in Craiova, Romania. The author-developed questionnaire was completed online (n = 134) or on paper at a professional conference (n = 42). Associations were assessed using non-parametric tests, ordinal logistic regression and robust linear regression. A sensitivity analysis excluded early-year students. Results: Respondents demonstrated moderate legal awareness (mean 3.29 of 5), whilst only 8.0% felt well or very well prepared to manage a malpractice-related situation. In the main model, previous legal training was associated with greater preparedness (adjusted odds ratio 2.52, 95% CI 1.03–6.15), as were resident status and professional clinical experience. In the clinically exposed subgroup (n = 68), practising dentists reported greater preparedness than clinical-year students, whereas familiarity with malpractice and paper-based participation were associated with stronger defensive-practice tendencies. Conclusions: Awareness of medico-legal issues is present across dental education, but perceived preparedness remains limited. The findings support longitudinal, applied medico-legal education and require cautious interpretation because early-year and clinically experienced respondents evaluated partly different aspects of the same phenomenon.

Background and Objectives: Uterine arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are rare but potentially life-threatening vascular anomalies that most commonly develop after pregnancy-related uterine trauma, such as curettage or surgical evacuation. The widespread use of color Doppler ultrasonography has led to increased recognition of these lesions and a shift from hysterectomy toward fertility-preserving, minimally invasive management. This narrative review summarizes current evidence on acquired uterine AVF/AVM after early pregnancy loss, with particular emphasis on diagnostic challenges and contemporary therapeutic approaches, illustrated by representative clinical experience. Materials and Methods: A narrative review of the literature was conducted focusing on the pathophysiology, ultrasound and Doppler diagnostic criteria, interventional radiologic techniques, hysteroscopic management, and fertility outcomes in acquired uterine AVF/AVM. Illustrative clinical insights from anonymized post-abortion cases managed at our institution were incorporated solely to contextualize diagnostic and therapeutic considerations. Results: Color and spectral Doppler ultrasonography emerged as the diagnostic cornerstone, typically demonstrating serpiginous myometrial vessels with high-velocity, low-resistance turbulent flow, allowing for differentiation from retained products of conception. Uterine artery embolization showed high efficacy in achieving hemorrhage control, while hysteroscopic coagulation or resection represented an effective complementary or, in selected focal lesions, definitive treatment. Clinical experience highlighted that AVF-related vascularity may be evident early or may evolve over time, underscoring the importance of repeat Doppler evaluation in patients with persistent or recurrent bleeding. Conclusions: Acquired uterine AVF should be considered in women presenting with ongoing or recurrent uterine bleeding following aspiration abortion or curettage, even when initial Doppler findings are inconclusive. Individualized, minimally invasive strategies—often combining uterine artery embolization and hysteroscopic techniques—offer effective, uterus-preserving alternatives to hysterectomy.

Background/Objectives: Previous obstetric and gynaecological malpractice reviews identify recurring concerns but do not specify a sequence for examining conduct before deviation, causation and attribution. We developed a context-sensitive conceptual framework. Methods: A structured critical narrative review of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection was combined with analysis of Romanian legal and professional sources. The broad searches yielded 1785 database records before deduplication. The team’s legal specialist manually screened the overlapping thematic searches 2A–2D using her subject expertise; duplicates were removed and 223 unique publications were retained. The 347 records reported for thematic search 2A alone are not the input denominator for that corpus. She extracted the information for 40 selected anchor publications, mapping them to eight broad themes. The thirteen-domain Context-Sensitive Liability Assessment Framework for Obstetrics and Gynaecology (CSLAF-OG) was illustrated using three principal Romanian judicial cases and one additional case. Results: The framework orders context, professional standards, autonomy, communication, documentation and organisational conditions before harm, deviation, causation and attribution. Conclusions: CSLAF-OG is a conceptual aid for retrospective analysis, not a validated instrument or legal test. Independent evaluation remains necessary.