Introduction: Accurately meeting the energy requirements of patients in intensive care units (ICUs) is crucial to prevent catabolism, muscle loss, and complications. We assessed their energy needs in this study using indirect calorimetry (IC) and predictive formulas, comparing the results with delivered energy intake and evaluating agreement. Materials and Methods: A total of 38 mechanically ventilated patients in seven ICUs at Kayseri City Hospital were included; eligible patients were ≥18 years old and mechanically ventilated for at least 24 h. Disease severity and nutritional risk were evaluated using validated indices (prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and Modified Nutrition Risk in the Critically Ill (mNUTRIC)), and basal energy expenditure (BEE) was measured by IC and calculated using the Harris–Benedict (HB) and ESPEN formulas. IC measurements lasted 15 min under resting conditions in conscious patients and, according to acute phase criteria, in unconscious patients in a quiet, temperature-controlled environment. Nutrition was provided enterally or parenterally based on patient condition and disease severity. Agreement between IC and predictive formulas was assessed using Bland–Altman analysis, a statistical method that evaluates agreement between two measurement techniques. Results: Estimated energy requirements differed significantly from delivered energy intake (p < 0.001). IC-derived values were significantly lower than those estimated by the HB equation and ESPEN recommendations (p < 0.001), suggesting that predictive equations may overestimate energy requirements in this population. By contrast, delivered energy intake was lower than IC-measured values, with a mean difference of approximately 503 kcal, indicating a potential risk of underfeeding in clinical practice. Weak correlations were observed between methods (IC vs. HB: r = 0.35, p = 0.003; IC vs. ESPEN: r = −0.21, p = 0.02), indicating limited agreement between predictive equations and IC measurements, and Passing–Bablok regression analysis further supported this lack of agreement between methods. Conclusions: The energy intake delivered to patients was lower than the calculated values. Indirect calorimetry is important for accurately monitoring and determining energy requirements based on delivered energy intake, and further research in this area is needed. These findings highlight the importance of individualized monitoring of energy expenditure in critically ill patients and suggest that reliance solely on predictive equations may lead to clinically relevant discrepancies in energy delivery.

Optimal athletic performance and overall health in football players require adherence to appropriate dietary guidelines, which depend on adequate nutrition knowledge. This study aims to evaluate nutrition literacy among youth football players and to determine whether these levels influence their dietary intake and anthropometric measurements. The nutritional status of youth football players was evaluated using food consumption records in line with the Turkish Dietary Guidelines (TÜBER). Nutrition literacy was measured using the Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (NSKQ). A total of 96 youth football players participated in the study, with a median age of 15.00 years. Among them, 40.6% reported that they had received nutrition education, and 61.5% of these participants stated that the education was provided by a dietitian. According to World Health Organization growth references (WHO), 97.9% of the players were classified as having normal weight; however, 86.4% were found to have inadequate nutritional status. The median nutrition knowledge score was 25.00, indicating low levels of nutrition knowledge, with 96.87% of participants falling into the poor knowledge category. Based on the Turkish Dietary Guidelines, insufficient intake was identified in 57.6% of participants for energy, 10% for carbohydrates, 20% for protein, and 41.4% for fat. Higher nutrition knowledge scores were positively associated with fiber, magnesium, and potassium intakeDespite many players reporting nutrition education from dietitians, youth football players demonstrated poor sports nutrition knowledge and inadequate energy and nutrient intake. These findings highlight the importance of individualized and continuous dietitian-led nutrition support to improve dietary practices among youth athletes.