In home-based elderly care, nursing beds play a crucial role in the daily lives of older adults. However, most existing nursing beds are designed for general patients, neglecting the specific needs of people with disabilities and their caregivers. To enhance user satisfaction with nursing beds, this study proposes a conceptual design approach based on a KANO-AHP integrated model based on behavioral design. First, the needs of caregivers and people with disabilities are identified through behavioral observations and in-depth interviews. The Fogg Behavior Model is then applied to translate these behavioral insights into extractable design elements, which are subsequently classified and prioritized systematically using the Kano model. Subsequently, the Analytic Hierarchy Process is employed to screen the most critical needs from the extracted ones and transform them into key design elements, thereby defining the structural components of the product. This integrated approach enables an accurate mapping from user requirements to design elements, thereby facilitating the development of nursing beds for people with disabilities. This study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the KANO-AHP model in design research for the aging population, offering valuable guidance and an innovative perspective for nursing bed design.

To enhance the adaptability and disassemblability of winter ice fishing safety auxiliary products, a modular design approach was introduced during the design process. Axiomatic design (AD) and design structure matrix (DSM) were employed as the theoretical guidance and methodological framework. In the design process, the “Z-mapping” method was used to reanalyze the product’s requirements, functions, and structure, progressively decomposing the overall function and constructing a corresponding design matrix. This approach converted initial user requirements into detailed functional specifications and design parameters. Geometric correlation was used as the evaluation criterion, with values assigned to the design matrix, leading to the development of a correlation matrix for the design parameters of the winter ice fishing safety auxiliary product. System clustering techniques were then applied to optimize the distribution of matrix values, allowing for the identification of functional module areas. Based on these results, a modular design scheme was proposed. The findings indicate that the Kano-AD-DSM-based design strategy significantly improved the disassemblability of the winter ice fishing safety auxiliary product, which is crucial for protecting the safety of ice fishers, reducing physical exertion, and enhancing the ice fishing experience. Moreover, the multi-module design allows the product to be flexibly configured and upgraded based on varying operational needs and personalized user requirements, significantly improving its adaptability and practicality. This research not only provides new theoretical insights for the innovative design of winter ice fishing safety auxiliary products but also offers valuable references for the modular design of similar products.

Distributed photovoltaics (DPV) is rapidly expanding under the “Dual Carbon” strategy, yet suffers from a systemic imbalance of prioritizing construction over service provision. Existing research focuses predominantly on techno-economic analyses, neglecting holistic service lifecycle examination, systematic urban-rural comparison, and actionable design tools. This study employs qualitative methods, including literature review, case analysis, service blueprinting, and stakeholder analysis, to examine DPV full-lifecycle services across rural household and urban commercial and industrial contexts. Findings reveal multi-stage service breakpoints, including early-stage information asymmetry, mid-stage unclear responsibility allocation, and late-stage recycling absence alongside significant urban-rural variations. To address these gaps, the study proposes a sustainable service design strategy balancing efficiency, equity, and resilience, comprising visualized rights-responsibility checklists, tiered revenue distribution schemes, and standardized full-lifecycle service blueprints. This work contributes a lifecycle service architecture, a systematic urban-rural comparative perspective, and practical governance tools for DPV sustainability. This work makes the key contribution that includes a full lifecycle service architecture as the core framework, systematic urban-rural comparison as the analytical perspective, and actionable governance and service tools as the practical outputs.

This study develops a traceable design-translation framework linking intergenerational social-sustainability concerns, mutual-learning mechanisms, user needs, and product-design elements, and illustrates its application through a home-gardening product concept for grandparent–grandchild dyads. Equitable participation, reciprocal knowledge contribution, social connectedness, and continuity of engagement are treated as design concerns rather than measured sustainability outcomes. Mutual-learning mechanisms are organized across three stages of collaborative gardening: preparation and initiation, collaborative engagement, and reflection and continuation. Behavioral observations and semi-structured interviews with eight dyads informed a KJ-based synthesis of user needs, which were prioritized using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and translated through the Function–Behavior–Structure (FBS) model into seven functions and eight core structural elements. A descriptive concept evaluation with 30 dyads compared the proposed concept with conventional home gardening under six design-derived criteria. The proposed concept received higher mean ratings across all six criteria, with composite indices of 0.857 and 0.539, respectively. These results reflect concept-level responses rather than evidence of actual behavioral change or long-term social-sustainability outcomes. The main contribution is the documented design-translation framework, while the gardening concept serves as an illustrative application.