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James Hansen
International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI), Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

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Research article
Published: 20 November 2019 in Climate and Development
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This paper aims to better understand actors involved in the generation, translation, communication and governance of agricultural climate services and their networks in Ethiopia. To achieve these objectives, about 65 actor organizations were selected across seven regions and two city administrations in Ethiopia through a scoping study, extensive literature review, and snowball sampling. Structured questionnaires with closed and open-ended questions were designed to gather relevant information. Results were used to compute network size, density and centrality measures. Our findings show that climate services are regularly communicated to only 10% of the total districts (woredas) on average, with only a third of the actors involved in communicating these services. No single organization or institution plays a dominant role in production, translation, communication or governance of climate services, but a network of organizations and institutions are involved. Major challenges faced by the actors involved in production, translation and delivery of climate services included lack of human and financial resources and weak monitoring and evaluation systems. The paper highlights the importance of strengthening partnerships and networking among actors including monitoring and evaluation systems at all levels to facilitate effective production, translation and dissemination of climate services to farmers.

ACS Style

Abonesh Tesfaye; James Hansen; Maren Radeny; Sebsib Belay; Dawit Solomon. Actor roles and networks in agricultural climate services in Ethiopia: a social network analysis. Climate and Development 2019, 12, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Abonesh Tesfaye, James Hansen, Maren Radeny, Sebsib Belay, Dawit Solomon. Actor roles and networks in agricultural climate services in Ethiopia: a social network analysis. Climate and Development. 2019; 12 (8):1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abonesh Tesfaye; James Hansen; Maren Radeny; Sebsib Belay; Dawit Solomon. 2019. "Actor roles and networks in agricultural climate services in Ethiopia: a social network analysis." Climate and Development 12, no. 8: 1-12.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2019 in Agricultural Systems
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Climate variability is a major source of risk to smallholder farmers and pastoralists, particularly in dryland regions. A growing body of evidence links climate-related risk to the extent and the persistence of rural poverty in these environments. Stochastic shocks erode smallholder farmers' long-term livelihood potential through loss of productive assets. The resulting uncertainty impedes progress out of poverty by acting as a disincentive to investment in agriculture – by farmers, rural financial services, value chain institutions and governments. We assess evidence published in the last ten years that a set of production technologies and institutional options for managing risk can stabilize production and incomes, protect assets in the face of shocks, enhance uptake of improved technologies and practices, improve farmer welfare, and contribute to poverty reduction in risk-prone smallholder agricultural systems. Production technologies and practices such as stress-adapted crop germplasm, conservation agriculture, and diversified production systems stabilize agricultural production and incomes and, hence, reduce the adverse impacts of climate-related risk under some circumstances. Institutional interventions such as index-based insurance and social protection through adaptive safety nets play a complementary role in enabling farmers to manage risk, overcome risk-related barriers to adoption of improved technologies and practices, and protect their assets against the impacts of extreme climatic events. While some research documents improvements in household welfare indicators, there is limited evidence that the risk-reduction benefits of the interventions reviewed have enabled significant numbers of very poor farmers to escape poverty. We discuss the roles that climate-risk management interventions can play in efforts to reduce rural poverty, and the need for further research on identifying and targeting environments and farming populations where improved climate risk management could accelerate efforts to reduce rural poverty.

ACS Style

James Hansen; Jon Hellin; Todd Rosenstock; Eleanor Fisher; Jill Cairns; Clare Stirling; Christine Lamanna; Jacob van Etten; Alison Rose; Bruce Campbell. Climate risk management and rural poverty reduction. Agricultural Systems 2019, 172, 28 -46.

AMA Style

James Hansen, Jon Hellin, Todd Rosenstock, Eleanor Fisher, Jill Cairns, Clare Stirling, Christine Lamanna, Jacob van Etten, Alison Rose, Bruce Campbell. Climate risk management and rural poverty reduction. Agricultural Systems. 2019; 172 ():28-46.

Chicago/Turabian Style

James Hansen; Jon Hellin; Todd Rosenstock; Eleanor Fisher; Jill Cairns; Clare Stirling; Christine Lamanna; Jacob van Etten; Alison Rose; Bruce Campbell. 2019. "Climate risk management and rural poverty reduction." Agricultural Systems 172, no. : 28-46.

Review
Published: 22 May 2019 in Climate and Development
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The review assesses the empirical knowledge base on gender-based differences in access, use and benefits from rural climate services to analyse gender equality challenges and identify pathways for making climate services more responsive to the needs of rural women and men. While existing research is limited, the review identifies key gender-related factors and processes that influence inequalities in access and use. Differential access to group processes and to Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) can significantly limit women’s access to weather and climate information. Moreover, socio-cultural norms that define women’s and men’s labour roles can also influence the resources and decisions under women’s and men’s control, affecting their differing climate information needs and demand. Ways forward suggested by the literature concern inclusion of women’s groups and networks in communication channels and development of ICTs that respond to women’s preferences. Furthermore, meeting women’s climate information needs and pursuing cross-sectoral collaboration will be important to enhance action on climate information. Research opportunities include analyses of the potential for women’s and mixed-gender groups to enhance women’s access to climate information; evaluation of the communication processes that improve women’s understanding of climate information; and further connection with the body of knowledge on intra-household decision-making processes.

ACS Style

Tatiana Gumucio; James Hansen; Sophia Huyer; Tiff Van Huysen. Gender-responsive rural climate services: a review of the literature. Climate and Development 2019, 12, 241 -254.

AMA Style

Tatiana Gumucio, James Hansen, Sophia Huyer, Tiff Van Huysen. Gender-responsive rural climate services: a review of the literature. Climate and Development. 2019; 12 (3):241-254.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tatiana Gumucio; James Hansen; Sophia Huyer; Tiff Van Huysen. 2019. "Gender-responsive rural climate services: a review of the literature." Climate and Development 12, no. 3: 241-254.

Advanced review
Published: 09 May 2019 in WIREs Climate Change
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Weather and climate services (WCS) are expected to improve the capacity of Africa's agricultural sector to manage the risks of climate variability and change. Despite this, a lack of evidence prevents a realistic analysis of whether such services are delivering on their potential. This paper reviews 66 studies that have evaluated outcomes and/or impacts of agricultural WCS in Africa, highlighting areas that have received relatively more attention as well as persistent gaps. While the evaluation of WCS outcomes is relatively straightforward, estimates of the number of people who access and use these services are uneven (covering a small number of communities in 23 of 54 African countries) and highly variable (with access estimates ranging from ~2 to 86%, depending on the service and the population). Meanwhile, 22 documents estimate the impact of WCS with respect to yields and/or income. Developed with a variety of methods, these estimates are also wide ranging and illustrate how impact is conditioned on a number of characteristics of the service, the user, and the context in which both operate. The paper uses lessons developed through this review to develop a “learning agenda,” or evidence‐building roadmap, to establish priorities that can guide work to improve the design, delivery, and impact of agricultural WCS in Africa. Priority learning areas include activities that can strengthen the evidence of access, use, and impacts of WCS, along with those that can advance the use and usability of evidence so as to improve the design and targeting of WCS services. This article is categorized under: Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Evaluating Future Impacts of Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Learning from Cases and Analogies

ACS Style

Catherine Vaughan; James Hansen; Philippe Roudier; Paul Watkiss; Edward Carr. Evaluating agricultural weather and climate services in Africa: Evidence, methods, and a learning agenda. WIREs Climate Change 2019, 10, 1 .

AMA Style

Catherine Vaughan, James Hansen, Philippe Roudier, Paul Watkiss, Edward Carr. Evaluating agricultural weather and climate services in Africa: Evidence, methods, and a learning agenda. WIREs Climate Change. 2019; 10 (4):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Catherine Vaughan; James Hansen; Philippe Roudier; Paul Watkiss; Edward Carr. 2019. "Evaluating agricultural weather and climate services in Africa: Evidence, methods, and a learning agenda." WIREs Climate Change 10, no. 4: 1.

Journal article
Published: 07 May 2019 in Ecological Economics
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This study estimated the economic value of agricultural climate services for strengthening the resilience of smallholder farmers to climate variability and risks in Ethiopia. Using a choice experiment approach, the study introduced a hypothetical package of improved climate services to 600 randomly selected smallholder farmers in three districts across three different agro-ecological zones in the Oromia Regional State. A generalized multinomial logit (G-MNL) model was used to estimate preferred attributes of climate services and willingness-to-pay (WTP) values. The results show that the preferred bundle of improved climate services among smallholder farmers was one that could be communicated in short text message system, provided along with credit facility, and market information and one that favors participatory decision making by smallholders. The results further reveal that the WTP value exhibited high implicit price for participatory decision-making. The study sheds light on important characteristics of agricultural climate services that may improve their acceptability and usability among smallholders. It also highlights the importance of packaging additional services including digital and ICT-based solutions, financial and market information along with climate services to promote demand-driven last mile delivery systems. Engaging smallholder farmers in a participatory manner in the decision-making process can help them make informed decision.

ACS Style

Abonesh Tesfaye; James Hansen; Girma Tesfahun Kassie; Maren Radeny; Dawit Solomon. Estimating the economic value of climate services for strengthening resilience of smallholder farmers to climate risks in Ethiopia: A choice experiment approach. Ecological Economics 2019, 162, 157 -168.

AMA Style

Abonesh Tesfaye, James Hansen, Girma Tesfahun Kassie, Maren Radeny, Dawit Solomon. Estimating the economic value of climate services for strengthening resilience of smallholder farmers to climate risks in Ethiopia: A choice experiment approach. Ecological Economics. 2019; 162 ():157-168.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abonesh Tesfaye; James Hansen; Girma Tesfahun Kassie; Maren Radeny; Dawit Solomon. 2019. "Estimating the economic value of climate services for strengthening resilience of smallholder farmers to climate risks in Ethiopia: A choice experiment approach." Ecological Economics 162, no. : 157-168.

Review
Published: 27 April 2019 in Climate and Development
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Climate information services (CIS) involve the production, translation, transfer, and use of climate information for individual and societal decision-making. After years of focus on building CIS around available information, today the CIS community recognizes that effective CIS are aimed at specific users of the service and their particular needs. In this review, we describe practical experiences identifying CIS users and their needs, showing different approaches, assumptions, and levels of empirical support. Our uneven and limited understanding of users and their needs presents four key challenges for climate services: (1) designing effective assessments of users and their needs, (2) identifying and overcoming barriers to CIS use, (3) scaling up a CIS and (4) the cross-cutting challenge of dealing with changing conditions and changing user knowledge. Reviewing project and academic literature on CIS in sub-Saharan Africa, we assess what is known and not known relating to these challenges. We prioritize identified gaps in knowledge into a learning agenda to organize learning from practice and research such that both serve a range of needs for knowledge about users and their needs, speak to current ‘good practices’ in CIS design, management, and evaluation, and point the way to better practices in the future.

ACS Style

Edward R. Carr; Rob Goble; Helen M. Rosko; Catherine Vaughan; James Hansen. Identifying climate information services users and their needs in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review and learning agenda. Climate and Development 2019, 12, 23 -41.

AMA Style

Edward R. Carr, Rob Goble, Helen M. Rosko, Catherine Vaughan, James Hansen. Identifying climate information services users and their needs in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review and learning agenda. Climate and Development. 2019; 12 (1):23-41.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edward R. Carr; Rob Goble; Helen M. Rosko; Catherine Vaughan; James Hansen. 2019. "Identifying climate information services users and their needs in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review and learning agenda." Climate and Development 12, no. 1: 23-41.

Review article
Published: 03 April 2019 in Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
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We consider the question of what is needed for climate services to support sub-Saharan African farmers' adaptation needs at the scale of the climate challenge. Consistent with an earlier assessment that mutually reinforcing supply-side and demand-side capacity constraints impede the development of effective climate services in Africa, our discussion of strategies for scaling up practices that meet farmers' needs, and opportunities to address long-standing obstacles, is organized around: (a) meeting farmers' climate information needs; (b) supporting access, understanding and use; and (c) co-production of services. A widespread gap between available information and farmers' needs is associated with entrenched seasonal forecast convention and obstacles to using observational data. Scalable innovations for producing more locally relevant historical and forecast climate information for farm decision-making are beginning to be adopted. Structured participatory communication processes help farmers relate complex climate information to their experience, and integrate it into their management decisions. Promising efforts to deliver rural climate services strategically combine communication channels that include participatory processes embedded in existing agricultural advisory systems, and innovations in interactive broadcast media. Efforts to engage farmers in co-production of climate services improve delivery to farmers and dialogue among stakeholders, but often with little impact on the usability of available information. We discuss challenges and options for capturing farmers' evolving demands, and aggregating and incorporating this information into iterative improvements to climate services at a national scale. We find evidence that key weaknesses in the supply and the demand sides of climate services continue to reinforce each other to impede progress toward meeting farmers' needs at scale across Africa. Six recommendations target these weaknesses: (1) change the way seasonal forecasts are produced and presented regionally and nationally, (2) use merged gridded data as a foundation for national climate information products, (3) remove barriers to using historical data as a public good, (4) mobilize those who work on the demand side of climate services as an effective community of practice, (5) collectively assess and improve tools and processes for communicating climate information with rural communities, and (6) build iterative co-production processes into national climate service frameworks.

ACS Style

James W. Hansen; Catherine Vaughan; Desire M. Kagabo; Tufa Dinku; Edward R. Carr; Jana Korner; Robert B. Zougmoré. Climate Services Can Support African Farmers' Context-Specific Adaptation Needs at Scale. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 2019, 3, 1 .

AMA Style

James W. Hansen, Catherine Vaughan, Desire M. Kagabo, Tufa Dinku, Edward R. Carr, Jana Korner, Robert B. Zougmoré. Climate Services Can Support African Farmers' Context-Specific Adaptation Needs at Scale. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. 2019; 3 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

James W. Hansen; Catherine Vaughan; Desire M. Kagabo; Tufa Dinku; Edward R. Carr; Jana Korner; Robert B. Zougmoré. 2019. "Climate Services Can Support African Farmers' Context-Specific Adaptation Needs at Scale." Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 3, no. : 1.

Review
Published: 05 March 2019 in Sustainability
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Human activities and their relation with land, through agriculture and forestry, are significantly impacting Earth system functioning. Specifically, agriculture has increasingly become a key sector for adaptation and mitigation initiatives that address climate change and help ensure food security for a growing global population. Climate change and agricultural outcomes influence our ability to reach targets for at least seven of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. By 2015, 103 nations had committed themselves to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, while 102 countries had prioritized agriculture in their adaptation agenda. Adaptation and mitigation actions within agriculture still receive insufficient support across scales, from local to international level. This paper reviews a series of climate change adaptation and mitigation options that can support increased production, production efficiency and greater food security for 9 billion people by 2050. Climate-smart agriculture can help foster synergies between productivity, adaptation, and mitigation, although trade-offs may be equally apparent. This study highlights the importance of identifying and exploiting those synergies in the context of Nationally Determined Contributions. Finally, the paper points out that keeping global warming to 2 °C above pre-industrial levels by 2100 requires going beyond the agriculture sector and exploring possibilities with respect to reduced emissions from deforestation, food loss, and waste, as well as from rethinking human diets.

ACS Style

Ana Loboguerrero; Bruce Campbell; Peter Cooper; James Hansen; Todd Rosenstock; Eva Wollenberg. Food and Earth Systems: Priorities for Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation for Agriculture and Food Systems. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1372 .

AMA Style

Ana Loboguerrero, Bruce Campbell, Peter Cooper, James Hansen, Todd Rosenstock, Eva Wollenberg. Food and Earth Systems: Priorities for Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation for Agriculture and Food Systems. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (5):1372.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Loboguerrero; Bruce Campbell; Peter Cooper; James Hansen; Todd Rosenstock; Eva Wollenberg. 2019. "Food and Earth Systems: Priorities for Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation for Agriculture and Food Systems." Sustainability 11, no. 5: 1372.

Journal article
Published: 06 February 2019 in Environmental Modelling & Software
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Regional crop production forecasting is growing in importance in both, the public and private sectors to ensure food security, optimize agricultural management practices and use of resources, and anticipate market fluctuations. Thus, a model and data driven, easy-to-use forecasting and a risk assessment system can be an essential tool for end-users at different levels. This paper provides an overview of the approaches, algorithms, design, and capabilities of the CCAFS Regional Agricultural Forecasting Toolbox (CRAFT) for gridded crop modeling and yield forecasting along with risk analysis and climate impact studies. CRAFT is a flexible and adaptable software platform designed with a user-friendly interface to produce multiple simulation scenarios, maps, and interactive visualizations using a crop engine that can run the pre-installed crop models DSSAT, APSIM, and SARRA-H, in concert with the Climate Predictability Tool (CPT) for seasonal climate forecasts. Its integrated and modular design allows for easy adaptation of the system to different regional and scientific domains. CRAFT requires gridded input data to run the crop simulations on spatial scales of 5 and 30 arc-minutes. Case studies for south Asia for two crops, including wheat and rice, shows its potential application for risk assessment and in-season yield forecasting.

ACS Style

Vakhtang Shelia; James Hansen; Vaishali Sharda; Cheryl Porter; Pramod Aggarwal; Carol J. Wilkerson; Gerrit Hoogenboom. A multi-scale and multi-model gridded framework for forecasting crop production, risk analysis, and climate change impact studies. Environmental Modelling & Software 2019, 115, 144 -154.

AMA Style

Vakhtang Shelia, James Hansen, Vaishali Sharda, Cheryl Porter, Pramod Aggarwal, Carol J. Wilkerson, Gerrit Hoogenboom. A multi-scale and multi-model gridded framework for forecasting crop production, risk analysis, and climate change impact studies. Environmental Modelling & Software. 2019; 115 ():144-154.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vakhtang Shelia; James Hansen; Vaishali Sharda; Cheryl Porter; Pramod Aggarwal; Carol J. Wilkerson; Gerrit Hoogenboom. 2019. "A multi-scale and multi-model gridded framework for forecasting crop production, risk analysis, and climate change impact studies." Environmental Modelling & Software 115, no. : 144-154.

Editorial
Published: 16 October 2018 in Climate Risk Management
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ACS Style

Tiff Van Huysen; James Hansen; Arame Tall. Scaling up climate services for smallholder farmers: Learning from practice. Climate Risk Management 2018, 22, 1 -3.

AMA Style

Tiff Van Huysen, James Hansen, Arame Tall. Scaling up climate services for smallholder farmers: Learning from practice. Climate Risk Management. 2018; 22 ():1-3.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tiff Van Huysen; James Hansen; Arame Tall. 2018. "Scaling up climate services for smallholder farmers: Learning from practice." Climate Risk Management 22, no. : 1-3.

Review article
Published: 14 August 2018 in Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability
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Actions on climate change (SDG 13), including in the food system, are crucial. SDG 13 needs to align with the Paris Agreement, given that UNFCCC negotiations set the framework for climate change actions. Food system actions can have synergies and trade-offs, as illustrated by the case for nitrogen fertiliser. SDG 13 actions that reduce emissions can have positive impacts on other SDGs (e.g. 3, 6, 12, 14, 15); but such actions should not undermine the adaptation goals of SDG 13 and SDGs 1, 2, 5 and 10. Balancing trade-offs is thus crucial, with SDG 12 central: responsible consumption and production. Transformative actions in food systems are needed to achieve SDG 13 (and other SDGs), involving technical, policy, capacity enhancement and finance elements. But transformative actions come with risks, for farmers, investors, development agencies and politicians. Likely short and long term impacts need to be understood.

ACS Style

Bruce M Campbell; James Hansen; Janie Rioux; Clare M Stirling; Stephen Twomlow; Eva (Lini) Wollenberg. Urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts (SDG 13): transforming agriculture and food systems. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 2018, 34, 13 -20.

AMA Style

Bruce M Campbell, James Hansen, Janie Rioux, Clare M Stirling, Stephen Twomlow, Eva (Lini) Wollenberg. Urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts (SDG 13): transforming agriculture and food systems. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. 2018; 34 ():13-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bruce M Campbell; James Hansen; Janie Rioux; Clare M Stirling; Stephen Twomlow; Eva (Lini) Wollenberg. 2018. "Urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts (SDG 13): transforming agriculture and food systems." Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 34, no. : 13-20.

Case reports
Published: 01 January 2018 in Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine
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Prosthetic valve paravalvular leak (PVL) is a known and relatively common complication of surgical valve replacement, which may lead to significant morbidity. Patients with significant mitral valve replacement (MVR) PVL typically present with symptoms of heart failure and elevated filling pressures or with hemolytic anemia. Percutaneous closure of these leaks has become the preferred therapy. Percutaneous closure of MVR PVL can be technically challenging, given the anatomy of the approach (trans-septal, trans-apical), the level of associated comorbidities and the geographic location of the paravalvular defect. Steerable catheters offer a unique ability to position themselves coaxial to the PVL. The Dexterity catheter (Spirus Medical LLC, Bridgewater, MA, USA) is a semi-rigid steerable catheter used in our lab with the ability to articulate at two separate points on the distal tip and flex greater than 360 degrees. We present cases of surgical valves that developed PVL which underwent successful repair with a Dexterity catheter.

ACS Style

James W. Hansen; Gautam Gadey; Thomas C. Piemonte. Prosthetic mitral valve paravalvular leak: A problem that requires dexterity. Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine 2018, 19, 126 -132.

AMA Style

James W. Hansen, Gautam Gadey, Thomas C. Piemonte. Prosthetic mitral valve paravalvular leak: A problem that requires dexterity. Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine. 2018; 19 (1):126-132.

Chicago/Turabian Style

James W. Hansen; Gautam Gadey; Thomas C. Piemonte. 2018. "Prosthetic mitral valve paravalvular leak: A problem that requires dexterity." Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine 19, no. 1: 126-132.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Ecology and Society
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Aggarwal, P. K., A. Jarvis, B. M. Campbell, R. B. Zougmoré, A. Khatri-Chhetri, S. J. Vermeulen, A. Loboguerrero, L. S. Sebastian, J. Kinyangi, O. Bonilla-Findji, M. Radeny, J. Recha, D. Martinez-Baron, J. Ramirez-Villegas, S. Huyer, P. Thornton, E. Wollenberg, J. Hansen, P. Alvarez-Toro, A. Aguilar-Ariza, D. Arango-Londoño, V. Patiño-Bravo, O. Rivera, M. Ouedraogo and B. Tan Yen. 2018. The climate-smart village approach: framework of an integrative strategy for scaling up adaptation options in agriculture. Ecology and Society 23(1):14. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-09844-230114

ACS Style

Pramod K. Aggarwal; Andy Jarvis; Bruce M. Campbell; Robert B. Zougmoré; Arun Khatri-Chhetri; Sonja J. Vermeulen; Ana Maria Loboguerrero; Leocadio S. Sebastian; James Kinyangi; Osana Bonilla-Findji; Maren Radeny; John Recha; Deissy Martinez-Baron; Julian Ramirez-Villegas; Sophia Huyer; Philip Thornton; Eva Wollenberg; James Hansen; Patricia Alvarez-Toro; Andrés Aguilar-Ariza; David Arango-Londoño; Victor Patiño-Bravo; Ovidio Rivera; Mathieu Ouedraogo; Bui Tan Yen. The climate-smart village approach: framework of an integrative strategy for scaling up adaptation options in agriculture. Ecology and Society 2018, 23, 1 .

AMA Style

Pramod K. Aggarwal, Andy Jarvis, Bruce M. Campbell, Robert B. Zougmoré, Arun Khatri-Chhetri, Sonja J. Vermeulen, Ana Maria Loboguerrero, Leocadio S. Sebastian, James Kinyangi, Osana Bonilla-Findji, Maren Radeny, John Recha, Deissy Martinez-Baron, Julian Ramirez-Villegas, Sophia Huyer, Philip Thornton, Eva Wollenberg, James Hansen, Patricia Alvarez-Toro, Andrés Aguilar-Ariza, David Arango-Londoño, Victor Patiño-Bravo, Ovidio Rivera, Mathieu Ouedraogo, Bui Tan Yen. The climate-smart village approach: framework of an integrative strategy for scaling up adaptation options in agriculture. Ecology and Society. 2018; 23 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pramod K. Aggarwal; Andy Jarvis; Bruce M. Campbell; Robert B. Zougmoré; Arun Khatri-Chhetri; Sonja J. Vermeulen; Ana Maria Loboguerrero; Leocadio S. Sebastian; James Kinyangi; Osana Bonilla-Findji; Maren Radeny; John Recha; Deissy Martinez-Baron; Julian Ramirez-Villegas; Sophia Huyer; Philip Thornton; Eva Wollenberg; James Hansen; Patricia Alvarez-Toro; Andrés Aguilar-Ariza; David Arango-Londoño; Victor Patiño-Bravo; Ovidio Rivera; Mathieu Ouedraogo; Bui Tan Yen. 2018. "The climate-smart village approach: framework of an integrative strategy for scaling up adaptation options in agriculture." Ecology and Society 23, no. 1: 1.

Journal article
Published: 29 November 2017 in Climate and Development
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Decision-relevant information on the past climate, recent trends, likely future trajectories, anomalies and associated impacts is a prerequisite for decision-making at different levels. Unfortunately, climate information is often not available or, where it does exist, is inaccessible to those that need it most. The Enhancing National Climate Services (ENACTS) initiative is an ambitious effort to simultaneously improve the availability, access and use of climate information. This is accomplished by working with National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS) in Africa to develop high-resolution, spatially and temporally complete gridded historical meteorological datasets; produce suites of derived climate information products; and disseminate them through a web-based platform. ENACTS enables the NMHS to provide enhanced services by overcoming the challenges of data quality, availability and access – while at the same time fostering stakeholder engagement and use. The new data products allow for characterization of climate risks at a local scale and offers opportunities to support applications and research. ENACTS has so far been implemented in 10 countries at the national level and at regional levels in East Africa and the West African Sahel. This paper provides an outline of challenges and opportunities in ENACTS implementation, and the potential for scaling up across Africa.

ACS Style

Tufa Dinku; Madeleine C. Thomson; Rémi Cousin; John del Corral; Pietro Ceccato; James Hansen; Stephen J. Connor. Enhancing National Climate Services (ENACTS) for development in Africa. Climate and Development 2017, 10, 664 -672.

AMA Style

Tufa Dinku, Madeleine C. Thomson, Rémi Cousin, John del Corral, Pietro Ceccato, James Hansen, Stephen J. Connor. Enhancing National Climate Services (ENACTS) for development in Africa. Climate and Development. 2017; 10 (7):664-672.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tufa Dinku; Madeleine C. Thomson; Rémi Cousin; John del Corral; Pietro Ceccato; James Hansen; Stephen J. Connor. 2017. "Enhancing National Climate Services (ENACTS) for development in Africa." Climate and Development 10, no. 7: 664-672.

Case report
Published: 29 September 2016 in Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine
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Isolated congenital single coronary artery (SCA) is rare (incidence 0.024-0.066%). We present a case of a Lipton -1 subtype single coronary artery, incidentally discovered on coronary angiography prior to mitral valve surgery.

ACS Style

James W. Hansen; Alaa Ayyoub; Neil Yager; Sergio Waxman. Congenital single coronary artery: A rare anatomic variant. Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine 2016, 18, 212 .

AMA Style

James W. Hansen, Alaa Ayyoub, Neil Yager, Sergio Waxman. Congenital single coronary artery: A rare anatomic variant. Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine. 2016; 18 (3):212.

Chicago/Turabian Style

James W. Hansen; Alaa Ayyoub; Neil Yager; Sergio Waxman. 2016. "Congenital single coronary artery: A rare anatomic variant." Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine 18, no. 3: 212.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2015 in Journal of Hydrology
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ACS Style

Ashok K. Mishra; Amor V.M. Ines; Narendra N. Das; C. Prakash Khedun; Vijay P. Singh; Bellie Sivakumar; James Hansen. Anatomy of a local-scale drought: Application of assimilated remote sensing products, crop model, and statistical methods to an agricultural drought study. Journal of Hydrology 2015, 526, 15 -29.

AMA Style

Ashok K. Mishra, Amor V.M. Ines, Narendra N. Das, C. Prakash Khedun, Vijay P. Singh, Bellie Sivakumar, James Hansen. Anatomy of a local-scale drought: Application of assimilated remote sensing products, crop model, and statistical methods to an agricultural drought study. Journal of Hydrology. 2015; 526 ():15-29.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ashok K. Mishra; Amor V.M. Ines; Narendra N. Das; C. Prakash Khedun; Vijay P. Singh; Bellie Sivakumar; James Hansen. 2015. "Anatomy of a local-scale drought: Application of assimilated remote sensing products, crop model, and statistical methods to an agricultural drought study." Journal of Hydrology 526, no. : 15-29.

Journal article
Published: 24 June 2014 in WIREs Climate Change
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Throughout at least the past several centuries, El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has played a significant role in human response to climate. Over time, increased attention on ENSO has led to a better understanding of both the physical mechanisms, and the environmental and societal consequences of the phenomenon. The prospects for seasonal climate forecasting emerged from ENSO studies, and were first pursued in ENSO studies. In this paper, we review ENSO's impact on society, specifically with regard to agriculture, water, and health; we also explore the extent to which ENSO‐related forecasts are used to inform decision making in these sectors. We find that there are significant differences in the uptake of forecasts across sectors, with the highest use in agriculture, intermediate use in water resources management, and the lowest in health. Forecast use is low in areas where ENSO linkages to climate are weak, but the strength of this linkage alone does not guarantee use. Moreover, the differential use of ENSO forecasts by sector shows the critical role of institutions that work at the boundary between science and society. In a long‐term iterative process requiring continual maintenance, these organizations serve to enhance the salience, credibility, and legitimacy of forecasts and related climate services.For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.Conflict of interest: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article.

ACS Style

Stephen E. Zebiak; Ben Orlove; Ángel G. Muñoz; Catherine Vaughan; James Hansen; Tara Troy; Madeleine C. Thomson; Allyza Lustig; Samantha Garvin. Investigating El Niño‐Southern Oscillation and society relationships. WIREs Climate Change 2014, 6, 17 -34.

AMA Style

Stephen E. Zebiak, Ben Orlove, Ángel G. Muñoz, Catherine Vaughan, James Hansen, Tara Troy, Madeleine C. Thomson, Allyza Lustig, Samantha Garvin. Investigating El Niño‐Southern Oscillation and society relationships. WIREs Climate Change. 2014; 6 (1):17-34.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stephen E. Zebiak; Ben Orlove; Ángel G. Muñoz; Catherine Vaughan; James Hansen; Tara Troy; Madeleine C. Thomson; Allyza Lustig; Samantha Garvin. 2014. "Investigating El Niño‐Southern Oscillation and society relationships." WIREs Climate Change 6, no. 1: 17-34.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2014 in Earth Perspectives
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This paper provides a historical overview of the development and mainstreaming of global agendas on climate risk management and climate services from the vantage point of the International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI), and present two examples that illustrate how efforts to mainstream these agendas shaped both the institute and the broader communities that it sought to engage. In the first example, we trace developments that led to the emergence of a global agenda on climate services, including creation of the Climate Services Partnership (CSP). The CSP is an informal, open network of interested climate information users, providers, donors and researchers, serves as a platform for knowledge sharing and collaboration to advance climate service capabilities worldwide. The second example is mainstreaming climate risk management within the international agricultural research-for-development community. The CGIAR research program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) was structured to include a research theme on “Adaptation through Managing Climate Risk,” which put climate risk management on the same footing within the agenda as adaptation to future climate change. We conclude with several lessons drawn from IRI’s involvement in the processes that shaped global agendas around climate risk management and climate services.

ACS Style

James W Hansen; Stephen E Zebiak; Kevin Coffey. Shaping global agendas on climate risk management and climate services: an IRI perspective. Earth Perspectives 2014, 1, 13 .

AMA Style

James W Hansen, Stephen E Zebiak, Kevin Coffey. Shaping global agendas on climate risk management and climate services: an IRI perspective. Earth Perspectives. 2014; 1 (1):13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

James W Hansen; Stephen E Zebiak; Kevin Coffey. 2014. "Shaping global agendas on climate risk management and climate services: an IRI perspective." Earth Perspectives 1, no. 1: 13.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2013 in Remote Sensing of Environment
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To improve the prediction of crop yields at an aggregate scale, we developed a data assimilation-crop modeling framework that incorporates remotely sensed soil moisture and leaf area index (LAI) into a crop model using sequential data assimilation. The core of the framework is an Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) used to control crop model runs, assimilate remote sensing (RS) data and update model state variables. We modified the Decision Support System for Agro-technology Transfer – Cropping System Model (DSSAT-CSM)-Maize model (Jones et al., 2003) to be able to stop and start simulations at any given time in the growing season, such that the EnKF can update model state variables as RS data become available. The data assimilation-crop modeling framework was evaluated against 2003–2009 maize yields in Story County, Iowa, USA, assimilating AMSR-E soil moisture and MODIS-LAI data independently and simultaneously. Assimilating LAI or soil moisture independently slightly improved the correlation of observed and simulated yields (R=0.51 and 0.50) compared to no data assimilation (open-loop; R=0.47) but prediction errors improved with reductions in MBE and RMSE by 0.5 and 0.5Mgha−1 respectively for LAI assimilation while these were reduced by 1.8 and 1.1Mgha−1 for soil moisture assimilation. Yield correlation improved more when both soil moisture and LAI were assimilated (R=0.65) suggesting a cause–effect interaction between soil moisture and LAI, prediction errors (MBE and RMSE) were also reduced by 1.7 and 1.8Mgha−1 with respect to open-loop simulations. Results suggest that assimilation of LAI independently might be preferable when conditions are extremely wet while assimilation of soil moisture+LAI might be more suitable when conditions are more nominal. AMSR-E soil moisture tends to be more biased under the presence of high vegetation (i.e., when crops are fully developed) and that updating rootzone soil moisture by near-surface soil moisture assimilation under very wet conditions could increase the modeled percolation causing excessive nitrogen (N) leaching hence reducing crop yields even with water stress reduced at a minimum due to soil moisture assimilation. However, applying the data assimilation-crop modeling framework strategically by considering a-priori information on climate condition expected during the growing season may improve yield prediction performance substantially, in our case with higher correlation (R=0.80) and more reductions in MBE and RMSE (2.5 and 3.3Mgha−1) compared to when there is no data assimilation. Scaling AMSR-E soil moisture to the climatology of the model did not improve our data assimilation results because the model is also biased. Better soil moisture products e.g., from Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission, may solve the soil moisture data issue in the near future

ACS Style

Amor V.M. Ines; Narendra N. Das; James Hansen; Eni G. Njoku. Assimilation of remotely sensed soil moisture and vegetation with a crop simulation model for maize yield prediction. Remote Sensing of Environment 2013, 138, 149 -164.

AMA Style

Amor V.M. Ines, Narendra N. Das, James Hansen, Eni G. Njoku. Assimilation of remotely sensed soil moisture and vegetation with a crop simulation model for maize yield prediction. Remote Sensing of Environment. 2013; 138 ():149-164.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amor V.M. Ines; Narendra N. Das; James Hansen; Eni G. Njoku. 2013. "Assimilation of remotely sensed soil moisture and vegetation with a crop simulation model for maize yield prediction." Remote Sensing of Environment 138, no. : 149-164.

Book chapter
Published: 02 September 2013 in Advances in Global Change Research
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The impacts of increasing natural climate disasters are threatening food security in the Asia-Pacific region. Rice is Asia’s most important staple food. Climate variability and change directly impact rice production, through changes in rainfall, temperature and CO2 concentrations. The key for sustainable rice crop is water management. Adaptation can occur through shifts of cropping to higher latitudes and can profit from river systems (via irrigation) so far not considered. New opportunities arise to produce more than one crop per year in cooler areas. Asian wheat production in 2005 represents about 43 % of the global total. Changes in agronomic practices, such as earlier plant dates and cultivar substitution will be required. Fisheries play a crucial role in providing food security with the contribution of fish to dietary animal protein being very high in the region – up to 90 % in small island developing states (SIDS). With the warming of the Pacific and Indian Oceans and increased acidification, marine ecosystems are presently under stress. Despite these trends, maintaining or enhancing food production from the sea is critical. However, future sustainability must be maintained whilst also securing biodiversity conservation. Improved fisheries management to address the existing non-climate threats remains paramount in the Indian and Pacific Oceans with sustainable management regimes being established. Climate-related impacts are expected to increase in magnitude over the coming decades, thus preliminary adaptation to climate change is valuable. Water security has become a defining issue of the twenty-first century for Asia and the Pacific. In the case of the Himalaya-Tibetan Plateau (HTP) region, cross-border conflicts over international water rights have also led to increased geopolitical tensions. For the Pacific, the main sources of freshwater for island communities is very limited being constrained to rainwater, surface water and groundwater. There is a need for a range of effective water management strategies for dealing with water security issues ranging from more effective water governance through to enhanced community participation. Flood disasters are the most frequent and devastating and their impacts have grown in the region. For longer term disaster risk reduction planning procedures are required as integral elements for ‘good governance’ of floods. Energy security in three major energy-consuming economies in Asia; namely China, India and Japan is crucial, and requires climate change mitigation policies. Both energy efficiency and renewable energy are important factors in solutions to the energy conundrum. Technological innovation and diffusion is an important component for improving energy efficiency, with the promotion of renewable energy requiring financial investment and innovation. However, costs of new technologies are likely to decrease as they become more widely adopted. Demand side management is also need to provide key solutions.

ACS Style

Lance Heath; Michael James Salinger; Tony Falkland; James Hansen; Kejun Jiang; Yasuko Kameyama; Michio Kishi; Louis Lebel; Holger Meinke; Katherine Morton; Elena Nikitina; P. R. Shukla; Ian White. Climate and Security in Asia and the Pacific (Food, Water and Energy). Advances in Global Change Research 2013, 129 -198.

AMA Style

Lance Heath, Michael James Salinger, Tony Falkland, James Hansen, Kejun Jiang, Yasuko Kameyama, Michio Kishi, Louis Lebel, Holger Meinke, Katherine Morton, Elena Nikitina, P. R. Shukla, Ian White. Climate and Security in Asia and the Pacific (Food, Water and Energy). Advances in Global Change Research. 2013; ():129-198.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lance Heath; Michael James Salinger; Tony Falkland; James Hansen; Kejun Jiang; Yasuko Kameyama; Michio Kishi; Louis Lebel; Holger Meinke; Katherine Morton; Elena Nikitina; P. R. Shukla; Ian White. 2013. "Climate and Security in Asia and the Pacific (Food, Water and Energy)." Advances in Global Change Research , no. : 129-198.