The field of biomaterials has turn into an electrifying area because these materials improve the quality and longevity of human life. The first and foremost necessity for the selection of the biomaterial is the acceptability by human body. However, the materials used in hip implants are designed to sustain the load bearing function of human bones for the start of the patient’s life. The most common classes of biomaterials used are metals, polymers, ceramics, composites and apatite. These five classes are used individually or in combination with other materials to form most of the implantation devices in recent years. Numerous current and promising new biomaterials i.e. metallic, ceramic, polymeric and composite are discussed to highlight their merits and their frailties in terms of mechanical and metallurgical properties in this review. It is concluded that current materials have their confines and there is a need for more refined multi-functional materials to be developed in order to match the biocompatibility, metallurgical and mechanical complexity of the hip prosthesis.

Sustainable Manufacturing and operations has become a crucial issue in present scenario for the manufacturing firms. Today manufacturing firms are keen interested to become sustainable in all three aspect economical social and environmental. There are number of manufacturing practices viz. Eco-design, process design, green supply chain, lean practices, product recovery and cleaner production by which firms should achieve sustainability. This paper present an AHP model of manufacturing sustainability through different manufacturing practices. In the initial stage of this study a survey methodology used from academia and industry after that an AHP model developed. From this study it is identified that firm EP-3 more conscious towards sustainability with respect to other firm. It is suggested that every electrical panel industry should adopt sustainable manufacturing practices to achieving competiveness in the market

Purpose: In the current global manufacturing scenario, all most all major players are now in a position to commit themselves to sustainability in all their operational initiatives and each of them follow their own methodology to attain their goal of sustainability. The purpose of this paper is to assess the sustainable manufacturing practice (SMP) in Indian manufacturing sector. This paper is also focused on the how lean practice leads to the sustainable manufacturing (SM). Design/methodology/approach: A survey methodology is used for this research. The SMPs are identified for the literature review and survey questionnaire was framed. In all, 345 usable responses from four sectors namely automobile, electrical and electronics, machinery and process were collected through Google survey. Findings: This research is focused on the SMPs. From this research it is found that sustainable product and process design (SPPD), lean practices (LP), agile practice and customization, sustainable supply operation and distribution and product recovery and return practices lead to the SM. Research limitations/implications: This study has some limitations, which future researchers could consider. The large industries of Indian manufacturing across four sectors have been considered, the study can be further taken up to the micro, small and medium enterprises of the Indian manufacturing scenario. The questionnaire can be further developed as that it can be used for a global survey across various sectors and then comparison can be made between the Indian companies and their global counterpart. In future longitudinal studies can be conducted by considering the other SMPs like mass customization, smart manufacturing practices, etc. Practical implications: The present research helps the stakeholders to develop strong regulatory norms/policies to promote the SMPs in Indian manufacturing industries. This research may help production/manufacturing managers/practitioners to understand various issues related to SM and how they can be used gainfully to improve their practices and performances towards sustainable development. Social implications: This study enriches the corporate social responsibility in the organization. Corporate social responsibilities activities to be undertaken by the company shall include poverty and malnutrition, promoting health care including preventive health care and sanitation including contribution to the Swachh Bharat Kosh set-up by the Government of India for the promotion of sanitation and making available safe drinking water. This reinforces the company broader aim through its business activities to contribute to the wellbeing and sustainable development. Originality/value: This study offers evidence of the implementation of SMPs namely SPPD, LP, agile practices and customization, sustainable supply operation and distribution and product recovery and return practices in Indian manufacturing organization. The authors propose a conceptual framework for SMPs and empirically tested.

In the present era, there is an urgent need to make all industrial products sustainable for reduce environmental impact in the Production and consumption. Sustainable manufacturing is becoming crucial for businesses more than ever before. In this context, The key determinants of sustainable Product Design and manufacturing (SPDM) has been examined in the form of Environmental, Economical and Social factors in the Indian manufacturing organisations which provides the basis of SPDM for Indian manufacturing firms. This paper identified the various types of key determinants of Sustainable Product Design and Manufacturing (SPDM) by the survey methodology. A survey is conducted to confirm the key determinants in Indian manufacturing organisations. From this study it is proposed that the more emphasis should be given on Product life cycle, 6R (reuse, recover, recycle, redesign, reduce and remanufacture) and Housing and service infrastructure for this the new tools and techniques will be develop for creating a sustainable product. In this regards, it is suggested that proposed key Determinants play a vital role in product design and manufacturing and gives the better approach for sustainability