Numerous tremolite jade artifacts from archaeological sites exhibit powdering damage, necessitating immediate consolidation. However, research on jade consolidants remains limited. Siloxane is a promising material, yet its effectiveness is hindered by high levels of non-silicate components, such as calcium and magnesium, in tremolite. In this study, mercapto-functionalized siloxane sols with varying mercapto group contents were synthesized via sol–gel chemistry using (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MPTS), (3-aminopropyl) dimethoxymethylsilane (APDMOS), and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). Their consolidation effects on tremolite jade were evaluated. Results showed that mercapto-functionalized siloxane exhibited stronger performance than non-functionalized siloxane. This improvement stems from its dual functionality: alkoxy groups undergo hydrolysis and polycondensation to form highly polymerized xerogels that fill microvoids, while thiol groups (–SH) coordinate with calcium and magnesium ions in tremolite, acting as a functional “glue” to bind particles. Mercapto-functionalization thus offers a promising strategy to optimize jade consolidation and improve compatibility with non-silicate substrates.

Calcium hydroxide-based conservation materials including limewater and nanolime have drawn great attention for calcium carbonate-containing stone heritage conservation, while suffer from low calcium solid content and poor penetrability. Herein, a novel calcium ethylene glycol complex solution (CEGC) is developed by one anti-solvent assisted thermal induced gelation and the following gel-solution conversion strategy. The obtained CEGC solution features high calcium element content (100 mg mL^–1) and excellent penetrability (10 mm in Leshan stone), which can invade into the interior of porous weathered Leshan stone heritage and then be carbonatized into stable calcite phase within 72 h at ambient environment. A breathable three-dimensional continuous calcite network attached on the internal surface is formed through the intergrowth of produced calcite particles, producing excellent consolidation performance and improved resistance to freeze–thaw damages. Our work presents a promising calcium hydroxide-based conservation material and contributes to calcium carbonate-containing stone heritage conservation.