Background and Aim: Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK; conjunctivitis) is a widespread eye disease in cattle. In 1960, the Gram-negative bacillus Moraxella bovis was discovered as one of IBK's etiological causal agents. This study aimed to clarify the epidemiological (epizootic) situation of cattle moraxellosis in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study also maps the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the epidemiological (epizootic) process to develop more effective antiepizootic measures. Materials and Methods: We clinically examined both imported and local cattle species based on existing epidemiological (epizootological) units of economic entities in Kazakhstan. Then, we selected biomaterials for laboratory tests to screen for moraxellosis. Results: We clarified the epizootic situation for moraxellosis of cattle in Kazakhstan using data from the Meat Union of Kazakhstan, veterinary reports from the Veterinary Control and Surveillance Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture, Kazakhstan, and our results, obtained during visits to farms in the various regions of the republic. Conclusion: Based on the data of the conducted studies, we developed epizootic visualization maps with quantitative indicators of the cattle moraxellosis epizootic-transfer processes within various regions of Kazakhstan for 2019. The data obtained from studies of the properties of the isolated cultures compared with the characteristics of reference strains gave grounds to classify them as belonging to the Moraxella genus.

Background and Aim: Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) is a prevalent ocular disease that affects livestock, leading to substantial economic losses due to reduced production and culling of infected animals. Moraxella spp. is common bacterial pathogens that can cause keratoconjunctivitis in livestock. Therefore, rapid and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment and disease control. This study aimed to develop a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR) assay for the detection and differentiation of Moraxella bovoculi, Moraxella ovis, and Moraxella bovis. Materials and Methods: Three reference strains of Moraxella as positive controls and 36 lacrimal swab samples collected from cattle were used to evaluate the developed mRT-PCR assay DNA extraction that was performed using the RIBO-sorb DNA/RNA extraction kit. Primers and probes were designed using the SpeciesPrimer pipeline. The annealing temperature, primer and probe concentrations, and sensitivity and specificity of the assay were optimized. Results: An mRT-PCR assay was developed to detect pathogens associated with IBK in cattle on the basis of optimized parameters. The specificity and sensitivity of this assay were confirmed using samples containing individual pathogens (O – M. ovis, B – M. bovis, and BO – M. bovoculi), combinations of two pathogens (O-B, B-BO, and O-BO), and when the DNA of all three pathogens was present in a single reaction (O-B-BO). The analytical sensitivity of mRT-PCR for detecting M. ovis and M. bovoculi DNA was 21 copies or 50 fg per reaction, whereas that for M. bovis was 210 copies or 500 fg per reaction. In addition, this assay has been tested on samples isolated from the affected eyes of cattle in the Akmola region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Conclusion: For the first time in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the proposed mRT-PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of three Moraxella spp. pathogens has been developed. This assay exhibits the required specificity and high sensitivity for mRT-PCR, facilitating the timely implementation of effective measures for disease control and the prevention of economic losses. These losses are linked to a reduction in livestock breeding value, a reduction in meat and milk production, a reduction in the reproductive performance of heifers, resulting in fewer offspring, as well as costs related to the treatment of affected animals. Keywords: Moraxella bovis, Moraxella bovoculi, Moraxella ovis, Moraxella spp., multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction, Pinkeye.

In the livestock farms of our country, infectious diseases are becoming more and more common in their etiology, the dominant role belongs to the opportunistic microflora. Streptococcus also belongs to this group of microorganisms [1]. Streptococcosis is an infectious disease of young farm animals, characterized by severe septic phenomena, inflammation of respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, joints. All types of young animals are susceptible to streptococcosis, but calves, lambs and foals get sick more often, starting from the first days of life, up to 3-4 months. The disease begins with a respiratory rate, the appearance of breath sounds and wheezing, and cough with the development of pneumonia. The first signs of the disease appear in foals at the age of 1.5-4 weeks. Clinical manifestations differ depending on the location and extent of metastatic abscesses. Mortality from complications reaches 10%. Factors contributing and predisposing to the emergence and development of this disease are inadequate balanced nutrition, violation of the rules for the care and maintenance of calves. The basis for the prevention of streptococcosis should be a complex of veterinary and sanitary measures and good nutrition. On dysfunctional farms, it is impossible to keep sick and recovered cows with newborns, as well as drink their colostrum and milk. In this regard, it is very important for veterinary medicine to investigate infectious diseases of cattle, as well as to develop effective means for protecting animals, improving measures related to the prevention and elimination of this disease[7,8].This work presents data on the isolation of a field isolate of bovine streptococcosis, an indication and identification of a bacterial culture. Bacterial mass obtained and prepared antigen for development hyperimmune serum. The scheme of immunization and obtaining hyperimmune serum on laboratory and industrial animals has been worked out. Carried out laboratory and industrial tests of hyperimmune serum.