Background: Physical literacy and enjoyment are important factors that affect physical activity.Purpose: This work studies whether physical activity enjoyment (PAE) mediates the association between moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and physical literacy (PL) among college students.Methods: Chinese college students were recruited using the Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument Scale (PPLI-SC), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF), and the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale. The SPSS Hayes process macro (model 4) was used to analyze the direct impact and the indirect impact. Pearson correlation, independent sample t-tests, and linear regression were used to analyze the relationship between indicators.Results: The study surveyed 587 boys and 1,393 girls with a total of 1,980 valid questionnaires. MVPA, PAE, and PL of boys were significantly higher than girls (p < 0.01). The correlation analysis showed that MVPA, PL, and PAE were significantly correlated (p < 0.01). The results showed the direct effect of PL on MVPA was still statistically significant (β = 0.067, p < 0.05) after adding PAE variables; PAE has a positive effect on MVPA after controlling PL (β = 0.170, p < 0. 01). PL has a positive effect on PAE (β = 0.750, p < 0.01). PL impacted MVPA as explained by a 65.58% mediating effect of enjoyment.Conclusion: Physical activity enjoyment mediates the relationship between PL and MVPA among college students. This means that even high PL among student may not imply that they are physically active if they do not enjoy physical activity.

Smartphone addiction has become a public health issue. To help reduce smartphone addiction, we assessed the combined effect of 24-Hour Movement Behaviors on smartphone addiction during Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) home confinement in Foshan, China. Data were collected in a sample of 1323 senior middle school students ((mean age ± standard deviation): 16.4 ± 0.9 years; 43.46% males) during the COVID-19 lockdown. Their 24-Hour movement behaviors were assessed by a self-reported questionnaire, The Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV). The compositional multiple linear regression model and compositional isotemporal substitution model were used to examine the association between the time budget composition of the day and smartphone addiction. Smartphone addiction occurred in 671 (50.72%) of the 1323 students. Compared with smartphone-addicted adolescents, non-smartphone-addicted adolescents had more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sleep duration (SLP), and less sedentary behavior (SB). The distribution of time spent in 24-Hour movement behaviors was significantly associated with smartphone addiction. The negative effect was found for the proportion of time spent in MVPA or SLP (ilr_1-MVPA = −0.453, p < 0.001. ilr_1-SLP = −3.641, p < 0.001, respectively) relative to the other three behaviors. Conversely, SB was positively associated with the score of smartphone addiction (ilr_1-SB = 2.641, p < 0.001). Reallocating one behavior to remaining behaviors was associated with smartphone addiction. Noticeably, the effects of one behavior replacing another behavior and of one behavior being displaced by another behavior were asymmetric. The 24-Hour movement behaviors of adolescents are closely related to smartphone addiction, and future intervention studies should focus on the compositional attribute of 24-Hour movement behaviors.

This study investigates the bidirectional relationship between Activities of Daily Living (ADL) disability and depressive symptoms (DS) among middle-aged and older adults in China, utilizing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2015 to 2018. A total of 8994 participants were analyzed to assess the impact of ADL on the risk of depressive symptoms, while 9673 participants were included to examine the influence of depressive symptoms on the risk of ADL disability. Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed to evaluate these relationships, adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-related covariates. Results revealed that ADL disability significantly increased the risk of depressive symptoms (HR = 1.090, 95% CI 1.058–1.123), and depressive symptoms were associated with a higher risk of ADL disability (HR = 1.033, 95% CI 1.025–1.042). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that factors such as education level, social activity, and disability significantly modified the relationship between ADL and depressive symptoms, while age, marital status, and pain influenced the association between depressive symptoms and ADL. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings. This study highlights the complex interplay between ADL and depressive symptoms, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to mitigate the risk of depression and improve functional independence in aging populations.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, college students’ health-related physical activity and physical literacy aroused widespread concern. This study evaluated the relationship among physical literacy (PL), sedentary behavior (SB), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA); we further explored whether LAP and SB mediated the association between PL and MVPA. Methods: This study was based on a cross-sectional survey of Chinese college students. The Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument Scale (PPLI-SC) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) were used to investigate the PL, MVPA, LPA, and SB. Results: There were 2996 valid questionnaires with 829 boys and 2167 girls. The MVPA, LPA, and PL of boys were significantly higher than girls, while the SB values were significantly lower in girls (p < 0.01). The correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between the two indexes except for SB and LPA. Path analysis shows that PL directly, significantly, and positively affects MVPA. PL reduces SB (β = −0.085, p < 0.001) and increases LPA (β = 0.097, p < 0.001). The total mediation effect accounted for 14.014%, and the mediation effects of SB and LPA accounted for 4.417% and 9.597%, respectively. Conclusions: LPA and SB partially mediated the relation between PL and MVPA. SB and LPA partially explain the impact of PL on MVPA. The findings suggest that managing SB and improving LPA could play a significant indirect role in increasing the positive effect of PL on MVPA and that increasing the opportunities for LPA increased the MVPA for Chinese college students.

Background: The study aimed to examine predicted differences of 2 different behavior change patterns on physical fitness (PF). Methods: Participants were 241 students (51% girls) aged 11–14 years from China. Light physical activity, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sedentary behavior (SB) were objectively measured. Sleep was obtained by subtracting from awake time. According to Chinese National student PF standards, 5 components of PF, including body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness, speed, muscular explosive power and strength endurance, and flexibility, were assessed. The effects of different time reallocations between 24-hour movement behaviors on PF were estimated based on adjusted compositional multiple linear regression models with isometric log ratios. Results: Compared with MVPA substituting for the remaining behaviors, MVPA replacing SB or light physical activity produced more favorable changes on the comprehensive PF score, cardiorespiratory fitness, explosive power, and speed. MVPA replacing 30 minutes of SB was associated with favorable changes in PF (+1.9 [0.53, 3.18] points), 50-m run (−0.17 [−0.31, −0.04] s), long-distance running (−5.54 s [for girls]/7.25 s [for boys]), and long jump (+0.05 [0.01, 0.09] m). When sleep replaced SB, PF improved. Conclusions: MVPA substituting SB or light physical activity is a strategy with a greater improvement in PF.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between body compositions and bone mineral density (BMD) and the effect of composition substitution among Chinese children and adolescents without the influence of multicollinearity. A dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry scan was used to determine the amount of truncal fat (TF), nontruncal fat (NTF), fat‐free mass (FFM), and BMD. The compositional data analysis and the compositional proportional substitution analysis were conducted to determine the effect of each part of body compositions on BMD and its substitution effects. Four hundred sixty‐six (466) (boys: 51.9%) participants completed this cross‐sectional study. For girls, in the overweight group, the relationship between TF and the BMD was positive (β = 2.943e − 01, p = 0.006) while the NTF showed the opposite trend (β = −2.358e − 01, p = 0.009). When 4% NTF or FFM was substituted by TF, the BMD increased by about 0.1 and 0.05 units (p < 0.05), respectively. For boys, the association between FFM and BMD was statistically positive (β = 4.091e − 02, p = 0.0001). There was a positive correlation between TF and BMD (β = 7.963e − 02, p = 0.036). But with the increase of BMI, this correlation shifted in the opposite direction. In conclusion, compared to TF and NTF, FFM had a better protective effect on BMD, especially for boys. The risk of NTF accumulation on BMD was greater than that of TF accumulation. Compared with girls, boys were more sensitive to the amount of TF.