Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important pathogen that can cause many community and hospital-acquired infections. This study was conducted to investigate the SCCmec gene types responsible for methicillin resistance in MRSA isolates isolated from hospitalised patients. MRSA isolates isolated from samples sent from various clinics to Gaziantep University Hospital Microbiology Laboratory between March 2021-January 2022 were included in the study. Bacteria were identified using by VITEK 2 automated system. Cefoxitin (FOX) resistance was determined by the disc diffusion method according to EUCAST standards. Cefoxitin resistance was confirmed by the Penicillin Binding Protein 2' latex agglutination test. Types of mecA, mecC, coa, nuc, Panton Valentin Leukocidin (PVL), ccrC2, class A mec, SCCmec types in isolates detected as MRSA were investigated by real-time PCR. In this study, 116 isolates meeting the study criteria were examined. By detecting the nuc and coa genes in all isolates by PCR, the phenotypic identification of S.aureus was confirmed. While the mecA gene was detected in all MRSA isolates, no mecC gene was detected in any isolates. Detected SCCmec types were as follows; SCCmec Type 1 (2.6%), Type II (28.4%), Type III (12.9%), Type IVa (11.2%), Type IVb (3.4%), Type IVc (3.4%), Type IVg (12.1%), Type V (0.9%), Type VII (4.3%), Type VIII (18.1%), Type IX (0.9%), Type XII (1.7%). On the other hand, SCCmec Type VI, X, XI and XIII were not found in any isolate. It was determined that four of the MRSA isolates (3.4%) carried the PVL gene that two (50%) of these were found in SCCmec Type VIII. Monitoring of FOX resistance is an effective and safe method for determination of MRSA isolates. The change in the mec gene causes resistance, which should be monitored regularly with molecular methods. Our study is the first study in Turkey.

Introduction: Infections due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriales, which have increased worldwide in recent years, cause concern. This study aimed to rapidly detect carbapenemase gene region by using flow cytometry in Enterobacteriales isolates and to evaluate its efficiency and susceptibility by comparing it with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methodology: In the study, 21 isolates obtained from the blood cultures of patients hospitalized in intensive care units and found to intermediate or resistant to at least one carbapenem in the automated system, and 14 isolates belonging to the carbapenem-susceptible Enterobacteriales family were included. Carbapenemase gene regions were investigated by PCR after their susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion method. Bacterial suspensions were treated with meropenem + specific carbapenemase inhibitors (EDTA or APBA) and Temocillin and stained with thiazole orange (TO) and propidium iodide (PI) to show dead/live cell differentiation. Dead/live cell percentages were calculated after reading on the flow cytometer device. Results: In the ROC analysis of the flow cytometry method, the cut-off value, specificity, and susceptibility of PI staining rates for meropenem were found as 14.37%, 100%, and 65%, respectively. It was found that the flow cytometry method was well-compatible with PCR in the detection of the carbapenemase gene region. Conclusions: Flow cytometry will continue to be a promising method for the detection of antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance due to its rapid analysis of many cells and its high compatibility with PCR results.

Real-time polymerase chain reaction,atomic force microscopy,microbiology,surface roughness,low-friction elastomeric ligatures

Central nervous system (CNS) infections carry high morbidity and mortality, yet traditional diagnostics often fail to identify the causative agent promptly. Rapid multiplex panels offer broader and faster pathogen detection, making it important to understand their real‐world clinical value. In order to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the multiplex panel, panel results were compared with clinical, laboratory, and imaging data. Concordance between the panel and reference methods defined true‐positive and true‐negative results, and discrepancies were classified as false positives or false negatives. A total of 955 patients were included. The FilmArray ME panel detected at least one pathogen in 8.4% of patients. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common bacterial agent, and Enterovirus and HSV‐1 were the most frequent viral detections. Overall sensitivity and specificity were 94.8% and 99.4%. Sensitivity was 91.6% in children and 97.6% in adults, and specificity was 99.6% in children and 99.1% in adults. We also identified in 3.9% of cases bacterial pathogens outside the ME panel’s coverage, most commonly Acinetobacter baumannii and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , organisms usually associated with healthcare‐related or neurosurgical infections. Our large real‐world cohort shows that the FilmArray ME panel provides rapid, accurate detection of key meningitis and encephalitis pathogens. Nonetheless, false‐negative bacterial findings, detection of viruses with limited clinical relevance, and the presence of infections due to organisms outside the panel indicate that it should complement, not replace, conventional diagnostics and careful clinical assessment.

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important pathogen that can cause many community and hospital-acquired infections. This study was conducted to investigate the SCCmec gene types responsible for methicillin resistance in MRSA isolates isolated from hospitalised patients. Methods: MRSA isolates isolated from samples sent from various clinics to Gaziantep University Şahinbey Research and Application Hospital Microbiology Laboratory between March 2021 and January 2022 were included in the study. Bacteria were identified using conventional methods and the VITEK 2 automated system. Cefoxitin (FOX) resistance was determined by the disk diffusion method according to European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) standards. FOX resistance was confirmed by the (Penicillin Binding Protein 2' (PBP2') latex agglutination test. Types of mecA, mecC, coa, nuc, Panton Valentin Leukocidin (PVL), ccrC2, class A mec, SCCmec (I, II, III, IVa, IVb, IVc, IVd, IVg, IVh, IVi, IVj, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII and XIII) in isolates detected as MRSA were investigated by real time PCR. Results: In this study 116 isolates meeting the study criteria were examined. By detecting the nuc and coa genes in all isolates by PCR, the phenotypic identification of S.aureuswas confirmed. While the mecA gene was detected in all MRSA isolates, no mecC gene was detected in any isolates. SCCmec Type I was detected in three isolates (2.6%), Type II in 33 (28.4%), Type III in 15 (12.9%), Type IVa in 13 (11.2%) 3.4) Type IVb, four (3.4%) Type IVc, 14 (12.1%) Type IVg, one (0.9%) Type V, five (4.3%) Type VII, Type VIII in 21 (18.1%), Type IX in one (0.9%), and Type XII was detected in two (1.7%) isolates. On the other hand, SCCmec Type VI, Type X, Type XI and type XIII were not found in any isolate. It was determined that four of the MRSA isolates (3.4%) carried the PVL gene. Conclusions: Monitoring of FOX resistance is an effective and safety method in determination of MRSA isolates. The change in mec gene cause resistance should be monitored regularly with molecular methods. Our study is the first study in Turkey in this context.

The pandemic has once again shown us that not only those in the field of health sciences, but everyone should have knowledge on basic health issues.Especially the rapid changes in the field of health reveal the necessity of compiling up-to-date information. This book, which has been compiled about the basic medical sciences of medical sciences, which is a multidisciplinary field, will make important contributions in terms of presenting the developments in their fields together with up-to-date information on many subjects. Cell membrane enzymology, Spleen anatomy, Catheter infections, Allergy and immunology, MRSA and Salmonella infections, Paracetamol use in pregnancy, we are pleased to present you a rich work in which many valuable basic topics are compiled. Basic medical research plays a critical role in the discovery, comprehensiveness and knowledge of fundamental scientific principles in medicine. It is important for the development and understanding of medical programs and for the development and improvement of treatment protocols. Basic medical research can lead to the development of new treatments, understanding their underlying factors and establishing treatment modalities. Furthermore, basic medical research can help develop scientific thinking skills and improve clinical practice. Pandemi bir kez daha bizlere sağlık bilimlerinin sadece sağlık alanındakilerin değil herkesin temel sağlık konularında bilgi sahibi olması gerekliliğini göstermiştir. Özellikle sağlık alanındaki değişimlerin çok hızlı olması güncel bilgilerin derlenmesi gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Multidisipliner bir alan olan Tıp bilimlerinin Temel tıp bilimleri hakkında derlenmiş olan bu kitap bir çok konuda güncel bilgilerle beraber bir kendi alanlarındaki gelişmeleri sunmaları açısından önemli katkılar sunacak niteliktedir. Hücre membran enzimolojisi ,Dalak anatomisi ,Katater enfeksiyonları,Alerji ve immünoloji ,MRSA ve Salmonella enfeksiyonları, Gebelikte parasetamol kullanımı gibi çok sayıda değerli temel konuların derlendiği zengin bir eseri sizlere sunmaktan mutluluk duymaktayız. Temel tıp araştırmaları, tıp alanındaki temel bilimsel ilkelerin keşfedilmesi, kapsamlı ve bilgilerini içeren kritik bir role sahiptir. Tıp programlarının geliştirilmesi, anlaşılması ve tedavi protokollerinin geliştirilmesi ve iyileştirilmesi açısından önemlidir. Temel tıp araştırmaları, yeni tedavilerin geliştirilmesine, bunların altında yatan faktörlerin anlaşılmasına ve tedavi yöntemlerinin oluşturulmasına yol açılabilir. Ayrıca, temel tıp araştırmaları bilimsel düşünme yeteneklerinin geliştirmesine ve klinik uygulamaların geliştirilmesine katkı sunmaktadır. Sonuç olarak temel tıp araştırmaları, tıp alanındaki bilimsel ilerlemenin anahtarı olmakla beraber ve tıbbi uygulamaların geliştirilmesinde hayati rolleri bulunmaktadır. Bu bölümün hazırlanmasına değerli çalışmalarıyla katkılar sunan tüm araştırmacılarımıza, yayın ekibine en içten şükranlarımızı sunuyoruz.