Globally, large proportions of Candida species are becoming a major threat to human health as they are developing resistance to most available antifungal drugs. The recent adoption of nanoparticles as an intervening strategy against resistant microbes has proven efficient. Besides their antifungal activities, several studies have reported the anticandida properties of nanoparticles fabricated from plant materials. In this systematic review, available data from the literature on the anticandida potentials of nanoparticles biosynthesized from tea leaf (Camellia sinensis) extracts were compiled and analyzed. A total of 30 studies were generated from a literature search in three electronic databases i.e. Scopus, PubMed, and Embase, in accordance to the PRISMA guidelines. The retrieved studies were filtered based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. We included nine (9) eligible articles that highlighted the antifungal efficacy of nanoparticles mediated from tea leaf extract against Candida species. From the selected articles, the antifungal effect of synthesized NPs against C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. dubliniensis, and C. parapsilosis was reported and expressed by the zone of inhibition (ZOI) diameter and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The studies analysis showed the potency of plant extract-mediated NPs against Candida species, regardless of the heterogeneity of results that was spotted in the diameter of ZOI presented from one study to another.

This study presents the whole genome sequence of Staphylococcus aureus strain 37M isolated from cows with subclinical mastitis in Kiruhura district, Uganda

Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are extracellular polymers made of monomers of carbohydrates, which are important in many biological mechanisms. Several lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can confer desirable properties to specific fermented products when EPSs are produced during dairy fermentation. The present study isolated LAB from a locally fermented milk (Nunu) and screened for EPS production. The LAB strain with the highest EPS production potential was selected for EPS bulk production in a modified EPS Selection Medium (mESM). The effects of pH, temperature, incubation time, and carbon source were performed for optimization studies. The obtained EPS were then analysed for their chemical characteristics like total carbohydrate content (TCHO) and monomer composition. In total, three strains of LAB belonging to the genus Lactobacillus were isolated from the fermented milk (Nunu) sample. The Lactobacillus sp. (Nu3) was the best EPS producer among others. Optimization studies revealed starch as the most appropriate carbon source, with an EPS yield of 4.86 g/100mL. Two days (48 h) of incubation time was confirmed to be optimum for producing a maximum yield of 1.02 g/100 mL. The optimum pH and temperature for EPS production were 7.0 and 30oC, yielding 1.87 g/100 mL and 1.15 g/100 mL, respectively. A maximum EPS yield of 5.31 g/100 mL was recovered under the optimal conditions. The monomer analysis of the EPS under study revealed glucose and galactose are the main monosaccharide components, with fructose and mannose being the minor. Moreover, the EPS-producing Lactobacillus sp. (Nu3) was found to be an inventive EPS producer, and its EPS material could be utilized as an additive in the food industry.