As the demand for miniaturization of thermal management systems for electronic devices rises, numerous researchers are dedicating their efforts to the study of single-phase forced convective heat transfer (FCHT) within nanoscale channels. However, investigating FCHT in nanochannels (FCHT-NC) using experimental and theoretical methods is challenging. Alternately, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have emerged as a unique and powerful technique in recent years. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the application of the MD simulation method in the study of FCHT-NC. Firstly, the current paper reviews various simulation techniques and models, along with their associated primary parameters employed in FCHT-NC, through a detailed and systematic literature survey and critical analysis. Evaluating the current methods and discussing their limitations provide helpful guidelines for future studies. Furthermore, based on the existing literature in the MD simulation, this review outlines all influencing parameters on the performance of FCHT-NC, covering their effects and discussing underlying mechanisms. Finally, key challenges and future research directions are summarized in this review, thereby providing essential support for researchers seeking to apply the MD simulation method to investigate FCHT-NC.

While recent studies have proven an unexpected liquid–vapor phase transition of adsorbed liquid films, a comprehensive description of the mechanisms of different types of phase change regimes over realistic representations of random rough surfaces is absent in the literature. The current comprehensive study investigates the effects of a gold random rough surface, liquid film thickness, and substrate temperature on the liquid–vapor phase change regime of an adsorbed sodium liquid film, considering the evaporator section of a wicked heat pipe (WHP) using a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. At first, to generate a realistic random rough surface, a new and promising method is proposed that is entirely based on MD simulations. Then, to simulate the evaporator section of a WHP, a unique configuration for eliminating the vapor domain is developed. The simulation results reveal that three distinct regimes, namely, normal evaporation, cluster boiling, and film boiling, could be identified, which are presented on two-dimensional diagrams with the substrate temperature and liquid film thickness as coordinates for the ideally smooth and random rough surfaces. The results also manifest that even though using the random rough surface could lead to different phase transition regimes, the type of regime depends mainly on the substrate temperature and liquid film thickness. Furthermore, this study displays two different modes for normal evaporation. Also, it is shown that the impacts of the liquid film thickness and substrate temperature on the mode of normal evaporation are much more significant than the surface roughness.

Additive Manufacturing (AM) for jewelry applications is increasingly adopting Binder Jetting (BJ) to overcome the fusion-related limitations associated with precious metals, including unstable melt pools, excessive reflectivity, and high thermal conductivity. In this context, the present review establishes a thermophysical and manufacturability-oriented framework that redefines thermal management beyond localized melt-pool stabilization toward the furnace-scale control of densification kinetics, shrinkage evolution, atmosphere-assisted sintering, and viscoplastic deformation. Particular emphasis is placed on gold-, silver-, and platinum-based jewelry alloys, with a specific focus on the thermal, mechanical, and chemical phenomena governing Binder Jetting sintering. During consolidation, low-density green bodies (~40–65% relative density) must transform into highly dense components through extensive volumetric shrinkage and gravity-driven deformation, creating major challenges in dimensional fidelity and surface quality. The review further examines predictive viscoplastic constitutive models (SOVS/ROH), reversed-deformation compensation strategies, and atmosphere-engineering approaches for oxide reduction, pore-pressure regulation, and residual-porosity control. By linking thermophysical consolidation, dimensional fidelity, polishability, and jewelry-grade manufacturability within a hierarchical framework, this review provides a structured basis for the development of high-precision and low-waste precious-metal additive manufacturing.