Ocean-going ships powered by diesel engines were the main source of CO₂ emissions in the marine environment, and it was imperative to study shipboard carbon capture technology. Based on this, the whole process of CO₂ absorption and desorption was studied with a mixed amine (MEA + AMP). The effective cycle time, CO₂ absorption capacity, desorption efficiency, energy consumption, foaming and volatilization characteristics, and other key parameters were compared and analyzed under the conditions of required capture efficiency by ships. The MEA20% + AMP10% solution showed good CO₂ absorption performance. At 80% capture efficiency, the desorption efficiency was more than 50%. The absorption capacity was close to that of the MEA30% solution, and the cycle time was basically the same. The effective cycle time under the reaction time of 2 s was also determined, which was an important parameter for setting the desorption frequency and had a great effect on reducing the desorption energy consumption. This work can provide an important reference value for the real ship application of carbon capture devices.