In this prospective study, the aim was to determine the frequency and effectiveness of the coitus interruptus method, to compare the demographic characteristics of women using modern contraception methods and those using the coitus interruptus method and to demonstrate how effective contraceptive counselling is in choosing a contraception method. The researchers collected data from 1000 sexually active women in their reproductive period at the gynaecological clinic of a university hospital in Turkey. The researchers used an introductory information contraceptive counselling form, which they prepared for the data collection tool. The rate of the coitus interruptus method use among the interviewed women was 42.8%. There was a statistically significant difference between the coitus interruptus group and the group using modern contraceptive methods regarding mean age, educational status, smoking, awareness of last menstrual period, number of pads used during the menstrual period, and information sources. Following effective contraception counselling, the rate of switching to a modern and proven contraceptive method was found to be 73.8%.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate perinatal outcome of fetal echogenic bowel.Study Design: In this retrospective cohort study, fetuses with echogenic bowel diagnosed and followed in our center between 2013-2017 were included. Fetuses and infants were evaluated in terms of antenatal comorbidities and postnatal persistent diseases. Infants were followed-up to June 2018 from time of diagnosis. Demographic questionnaire and face to face interview were used to obtain data including immune system diseases and respiratory system pathologies in infants. Results: A total of 100 fetuses with echogenic bowel were included in the study. Fetal aneuploidy was detected in 7 (7%) cases. Trisomy 21 was the most common aneuploidy and identified in 4 (4%) cases. Other chromosomal disorders were tetrasomy 12p (1%), 69XXX (1%) and 46 XX, t (2,22) (9q9) (1%). A fetal echogenic bowel was associated with major congenital malformations in 25 (%25) cases. Cardiac abnormality was the most prevalent (%7). First and second trimester vaginal bleeding history was found in 5 pregnant women. In 3 case with isolated echogenic bowel (no congenital malformation and aneuploidy), lactose intolerance, celiac disease, and non-obstructive hydrocephalus were diagnosed in early childhood. Conclusion: Isolated fetal echogenic bowel which can be considered as a soft marker for aneuploidy may be associated with lactose intolerance and celiac disease. Further clinical studies are warranted to evaluate this relationship.