Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of board gender diversity on bond terms and bondholders’ returns.Design/methodology/approach: The authors perform pooled OLS regression, simultaneous regressions and propensity score matching to a panel data set of bond data for 319 US firms from 2007 to 2014.Findings: The authors find that firms with gender-diverse boards have lower yields, higher ratings, larger issue size and shorter maturity. They also find that bondholders require fewer returns from firms with gender-diverse boards. However, the effect is more pronounced when women, constitutes at least 29.67 percent of the board.Originality/value: This analysis supplements the findings that board gender diversity is essential for bondholders. It shows that bondholders should look at board gender diversity as a criterion to invest because bonds issued by firms with gender-diverse board have less risk. For practitioners, this study shows that more women participation on boards leads to a reduction in borrowing costs.

This study examines how tech-enabled municipal service delivery can generate a digital city dividend, measured as residents’ expected financial gains in urban context. The purpose is to identify the beliefs and enabling conditions that most strongly shape these expectations. We collected resident survey data and analysed the proposed model using PLS-SEM in SmartPLS. The reflective measurement model was evaluated for reliability and convergent validity (composite reliability; AVE) and for discriminant validity using both the Fornell–Larcker criterion and HTMT. We then tested the structural model through bootstrapping to assess the hypothesized paths. The results show that expected financial gains are driven primarily by behavioral intention, and are also supported directly by perceived value and trust. Behavioral intention rises mainly with trust and performance expectancy, while the effects of other adoption drivers are comparatively weaker. Service delivery quality contributes indirectly by strengthening perceived usefulness and trust, which subsequently improves intention and the expected dividend. The findings indicate that perceived financial benefits depend on a clear value pathway, credible institutional trust, and consistent service performance. The study therefore highlights practical priorities for cities: improve reliability and responsiveness, strengthen confidence through transparency and resolution mechanisms, and make the value-for-money case more legible to residents.

America's Housing Affordability definition classifies those households as stressed that spend more than 30% of their net income on housing. This paper challenges the traditional economic criteria-based approach that ignores the social and environmental parameters. Authors offer a geographical information science (GIS)-based Multicriteria Decision Analysis, selecting Corvallis, Oregon to prove the applied impact of the proposed methodology. Using experiential literature and interviews with specialists, the research establishes a comprehensive set of housing stress indicators including demographic, housing quality, and commuting time variables. Raster overlay and zonal statistics were deployed to obtain the final housing stress map. The strain was highest in the low-density single-family zone that contained dilapidated housing and longer commuting times, in contrast the stress was lowest for the mixed-use residential. GIS results were then used to make recommendations for affordable housing by channelizing favorable allocation of resources through spatially targeted efforts. This innovative method has a great potential to prioritize improvements based on the accumulated stress scores for each zone and contributes toward the improvements in understanding, examining, and measuring housing stress worldwide.