In this study, the aim is to examine the effect of plyometric training on anaerobic capacities in skateboarding athletes. A total of 14-18 28 skateboarding athletes, including 14 experimental and 14 control groups, participated in the study. As the experimental and control groups continued to practice skateboarding regularly, the research group had an extra 8 weeks and two days of plyometric training. Two measurements have been taken before and after the workout (pre-test). The data were obtained using the SPSS26 statistical package program. Since the number of participants is 28, the Data did not show a normal distribution. Wilkoxcan Test was used in the comparison of preliminary and final test in the group. The Man Whitney U test was used to compare the data between the groups and was accepted as a level of 0.05.The result was statistically compared between the test group and the control group, and it was determined that there was no significant difference between the vertical jump and anaerobic power parameters (p0.05). When we compare the intra-group data of the experimental group and the control group, there is a statistically significant difference in the mean of vertical spatter and anaerobic power (p0.05).As a result, there is no significant difference between the groups of 8 weeks of pliometric training, while a positive increase in vertical leap and anaerobic power parameters after the 8 weeks of pliometric training of the experimental group is observed. Regular planned and scheduled 8 weeks of pliometric training can be said to contribute to the development of parameters such as vertical jump, anaerobic power, and explosive force in athletes.Keywords: Plyometric training, explosive strength, skateboarding.

Bu araştırmanın amacı, 10-12 yaş futbolcularda 8 haftalık kor antrenmanların bazı fiziksel performans parametreleri üzerine etkisini incelemektir. Araştırmaya 30 deney grubu ve 30 kontrol grubu olmak üzere toplamda 60 erkek futbolcu dahil edilmiştir. Deney grubunda yer alan sporcuların yaş ortalaması 10,73±0,82 yıl, vücut ağırlık ortalaması 39,20±7,42 kg, boy uzunluk ortalaması 142,40±8,16 cm. olarak hesaplanmıştır. Kontrol grubuna dahil edilen sporcuların yaş ortalaması 10,7667±,85 yıl, vücut ağırlık ortalaması 39,20±8,07 kg, boy uzunluk ortalaması 144,23±8,16 cm. olarak hesaplanmıştır. Kontrol grubu, 8 hafta süresince haftada 3 gün temel futbol antrenmanları uygulamıştır. Bu antrenmanlar kondisyon, teknik beceriler, taktikler, pas ve şut çalışmalarını içermektedir. Deney grubu ise temel futbol antrenmanlarına ek olarak haftada 3 gün15 dakika kor antrenman programı uygulamıştır. Katılımcıların fiziksel performansları, 30 metre sürat testi, flamingo denge testi, t-çeviklik testi, durarak uzun atlama, el pençe kuvveti ve 30 saniyelik şınav-mekik testleri 8 haftalık kor antrenman protokolü öncesi öncesinde ve sonrasında ölçülmüştür. Performans testlerinde kaydedilen veriler bilgisayar ortamına aktarıldıktan sonra SPSS 22 istatistiksel analiz programı kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Kaydedilen verilerin normal dağılımı Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z testi ile kontrol edilmiş, varyans homojenliği ise Levene testi ile incelenmiştir. Test parametrelerinin karşılaştırılmasında Bağımlı Örneklem T-Testi (Paired Samples) ve Bağımsız Örneklem T-Testi (Independent Samples) uygulanmıştır. İstatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi olarak 0,05 kabul edilmiş ve tüm analizler %95 güven aralığında yapılmıştır. Kontrol grubunda yer alan katılımcıların durarak uzun atlama, çeviklik, sağ el pençe kuvveti, şınav ve mekik performansları yapılan ön test ve son test değerlerinin karşılaştırılmasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur (p˂0,05). Deney grubunun verileri incelendiğinde ise, durarak uzun atlama, çeviklik, denge, sürat, şınav ve mekik performansları için ön test ve son test değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark tespit edilmiştir (p˂0,05). Deney ve kontrol gruplarındaki fiziksel parametrelerin son test değerleri karşılaştırıldığında ise istatistiksel olarak herhangi bir farklılık saptanmamıştır. Sonuç olarak, deney ve kontrol grupları arasında fiziksel performans parametreleri açısından anlamlı bir farklılık gözlenmemesinin nedeninin her iki grubun da temel futbol antrenmanı yapmasından kaynaklanabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Ancak, araştırmamızda uygulanan 8 haftalık kor egzersizlerin sporcuların birçok fiziksel performans parametrenin gelişmesine katkı sağladığı; deney grubunun sürat, çeviklik, denge, durarak uzun atlama, 30 saniye mekik ve 30 saniye şınav parametreleri üzerinde olumlu etki gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Futbol antrenmanlarına ek olarak uygulanan 8 haftalık kor antrenmanların sporcuların performanslarını geliştirebileceği ve katkı sağlayabileceği söylenebilir.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of anaerobic exercise on cortisol, growth, and testosterone hormones in elite level athletes according to gender. Materials and Methods: A total of 16 elite athletes, 8 females and 8 males, aged between 18 and 23 years and actively engaged in sports, participated in the study. Measurements of height, weight, blood and hormone levels were taken before and after exercise. The data obtained were evaluated using SPSS 23 software, and the Wilcoxon test and Mann Whitney U test were used to test the significance of the difference between two independent groups. Results: When the levels of cortisol, growth, and testosterone hormones were examined before and after anaerobic exercise in male athletes, it was found that growth (z=-2.10, p=0.03) and testosterone (z=-2.52, p=0.012) hormone levels increased after anaerobic exercise, and the difference was statistically significant. No statistically significant difference was found in cortisol hormone (P>0.05). In female athletes, when cortisol, growth, and testosterone hormone levels were examined before and after anaerobic exercise, it was found that cortisol (z=-2.24, p=0.02) hormone levels increased after anaerobic exercise, and the difference was statistically significant. No statistically significant difference was found in growth and testosterone hormones (p>0.05). Conclusion: It is thought that sports scientists can contribute to sports science by researching the effects of exercise on hormone secretion more comprehensively with different age, gender, branch, and different training methods.

Background: Small-sided games (SSG) and running-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) are commonly used in soccer conditioning to improve aerobic fitness and performance. Although both modalities induce high cardiovascular stress, their acute neuromuscular, perceptual, and cognitive responses remain incompletely understood when examined within the same cohort. This study compared the acute physical, psychophysiological, and cognitive responses to SSG and Tabata-type HIIT in amateur male soccer players. Methods: Thirty-two male amateur players (n = 32; age: 20.53 ± 1.65 years) completed a counterbalanced within-subject crossover design. Participants performed a 4v4 SSG protocol and a running-based Tabata-HIIT protocol (8 × 20 s, 10 s recovery) on separate days (48 h apart). Countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), 20-m sprint, agility t-test, heart rate, perceived exertion (Borg CR-10), mental effort, and cognitive performance (d2 test) were assessed pre- and post-exercise. Parametric variables were analyzed using 2 × 2 repeated-measures ANOVA (time × protocol; η²p), and non-parametric data were analyzed using Friedman and Wilcoxon tests (r) (p < 0.05). Results: Both protocols elicited similar cardiovascular responses (~90% HR_max). A significant protocol × time interaction was observed for CMJ (p < 0.001), showing a decline after Tabata-HIIT, whereas performance was maintained after SSG. No inter-protocol differences were found for SJ, sprint, or agility. Perceived exertion and mental effort during recovery were higher following Tabata-HIIT (p < 0.05). Cognitive performance improved after both protocols (p < 0.001), with no between-protocol differences. Conclusions: Despite comparable cardiovascular load, Tabata-HIIT was associated with greater acute neuromuscular and perceptual strain, whereas SSG preserved neuromuscular performance. Perceptual and mental responses may therefore differ despite similar physiological intensity, which may inform soccer training prescription.

Objective:The purpose of this study is to examine the acute effects of combine foam roller (FR) and routine warm-up protocols on some performance parameters in combat athletes. Material and Methods: A total of 16 fighters (boxing, kickboxing, muaythai) athletes, 7 female and 9 male, were included in the study. The study was carried out with 2 measurements with an interval of 1 week. On the first day, the athletes were tested for flexibility, sprint, agility, and jumping, respectively, after performing static-dynamic stretching after 10 minutes of low-paced jogging. On the second day, the athletes were tested for flexibility, sprint, agility, and jumping, respectively, after performing static-dynamic stretching and foam roller exercises, respectively, after 10 minutes of low-paced jogging. Statistical analysis of the data obtained in the study was made using the IBM SPSS 23 analysis program. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test was used to evaluate the difference between different warm-up protocols. Significance level was accepted as p<0.05. Results:Significant difference was observed 20 m sprint performance between the static stretching (SS)+dynamic stretching (DS) and FR warm-up protocols combined static stretching and dynamic stretching in favor of SS+DS (p<0,05). When the vertical jump height between the 2 different warm-up protocols of the athletes were examined, while a significant difference was found in jump height (cm) in favor of SS+DS. İt was seen that there is a significant difference in favor of SS+DS+FR in the jump numbers of the athletes (p<0.05). Conclusion: FR combine static and dynamic stretching protocols do not have a positive effect on performance parameters in combat athletes, but SS+DS can improve athletes' vertical jump height and anaerobic performances_

The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of the French Contrast Training protocol on agility and vertical jump performance in soccer players and to compare its outcomes with those of a traditional Post-Activation Potentiation (PAP) protocol. A total of 30 male soccer players with a mean age of 19.93 ± 1.43 years participated in the study. The study employed an experimental research design. Following a standard warm-up, each participant underwent both a traditional PAP protocol and a French Contrast Training protocol, respectively. Physical performance was then assessed using the countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump, pro-agility test, and Illinois agility test. For parametric data, repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni correction was applied, while for non-parametric data, the Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used. The French Contrast protocol produced statistically significant improvements in CMJ height, flight time, peak and average power, as well as in pro-agility and Illinois agility performance (p